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The California Dept. of Transportation (Caltrans), Standard Green Finish Paint (PWB-172B) was introduced in February 2006 because of changes to Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) regulations in the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). In 2014, Caltrans decided to update the coating formulation, seeking to provide better performance properties.
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Automated ultrasonic testing is an integral validation tool utilized to detect defects in seamless pipes during the manufacturing process. The primary objective of AUT is to ensure newly manufactured seamless pipes are free of laminar imperfection such as non-metallic inclusions.This paper describes the automatic ultrasonic testing (AUT) techniques capabilities applied to seamless pipe mills to detect non-metallic inclusions that could have an impact on the quality of the produced pipes. In addition, it covers all relevant applicable testing experiments applied to different sized seamless pipes by using different types of AUT machines. This paper discusses the capabilities of different static and dynamic calibration methodologies of detecting non-metallic inclusions. An assessment has been conducted on five (5) seamless pipes produced with non-metallic inclusions scattered along pipes lengths. The assessment revealed the recommended calibration and testing methodology capable of detecting non-metallic inclusion. Accordingly, a statistical analysis is presented to report the repeatability of different AUT techniques in detecting non-metallic inclusions in newly manufactured seamless pipes.
Corrosion is a universal challenge for metal structures. Metal, due to its natural strength, is a common choice for building materials yet sensitive to the environment it is placed in, requiring mitigating actions to ensure proper lifecycle. Coatings are utilized as the primary defense against corrosion; the type based on substrate material and environment.
When coatings are applied to substrates as e.g., metal, the adhesion of the cured paint is a critical parameter for the final performance of the paint film. The adhesion of the paint to the substrate influences many properties of the paint, which including visual appearance, anticorrosive performance, flexibility, resistance against scribing and scratching, delamination, blistering and many more. Many actions can be taken to influence and improve the adhesion of a coating to a substrate.
Precipitation hardened (PH) Ni-alloys are widely used in the oil and gas industry since they provide an excellent combination of corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. Their use in the manufacture of API1 6A pressure-containing and pressure-controlling components is subject to the stringent requirements of specification API Standard 6ACRA. However, matching the requirements of API Standard 6ACRA does not preclude susceptibility of some PH Ni-alloys to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) and this in some cases has led to premature and unexpected failures of components made from suchmaterials.(
In this paper, a case study is presented for a marine structure for which modelling has been used to predict the protection potentials over the life of the structure.
The aim of any digital transformation of integrity management and in particular corrosion control is the improvement of communication efficiency, planning efficiency and maintenance efficiency. Key issues are predictive maintenance and clarity of the information available so engineers can make informed decisions. Therefore it is not just a question of collecting more information but also the way that information is used and shared with the decision-makers.
Equipment can have an important impact on the production at a refinery, petrochemical, or chemical plant. Change of equipment will often have a negative impact since it can disrupt the production with shutdowns, which will lead to production losses. In the long term, these short lifetimes for the equipment will cause many shutdowns, which will give a higher production cost. One example of equipment is the shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
Mineral wool has been widely used for several decades as the primary thermal insulation on piping and equipment to save energy, protect personnel, and reduce emissions. The products have been favored because they are non-combustible, cost effective, provide excellent (and reliable) thermal performance and are safe, easy, and efficient to install.
Inorganic scale deposition is a major issue for the oil and gas industry as it can block perforations, production tubing, valves, chokes and prevent topside heat exchangers and fluid separation equipment from functioning effectively.
A new patent-pending resin technology incorporated into the epoxy/polysiloxane part A portion of a two-component coating system, using an amino-silane curing agent, has shown significant improvements in flexibility, gloss and color retention. Corrosion resistance and adhesion to non-sandblasted metal substrates have also shown improvements. The new resin technology may be considered for low-VOC and HAPs coating systems.