AMPP Store - Individual Conference Papers

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Improved Cathodic Protection Current Distribution for Above Ground Storage Tank Bottoms Due to Low Resistivity Vapor Corrosion Inhibitor Use

Product Number: 51322-17666-SG

Author: Sujay Math

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In this paper, the CP current distribution with changing resistivities and the area of influence required to meet effective CP criteria, is studied. The results indicate that the tank pad electrolyte resistivity plays a significant role in achieving uniform CP current distribution. The paper also explores the use of Vapor Corrosion Inhibitor (VCI) and its effect on electrolyte resistivity and the resulting CP current distribution.

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Improved Corrosion and Wear Resistance of a Niobium Alloyed Co-Cr-Mo Alloy

Product Number: 51315-5960-SG

ISBN: 5960 2015 CP

Author: Matthew Yao

Publication Date: 2015

$20.00

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Improved Flexibility of Bis-Phenol a Epoxy Paint by Crosslinking with Amino-Functional Siloxane Resin

Product Number: 41205-173-SG

Author: Lisa A. Honaman, Gerald L. Witucki

Publication Date: 2005

$20.00

Bis-Phenol A epoxy resin-based coatings are known for excellent corrosion and chemical resistance. Limitations of this class of coatings are poor flexibility, thermal stability and weather resistance. Traditional siloxane resins are commonly used in the industry to improve the thermal and weather resistance of bis-Phenol A epoxy coatings. In addition, organo-functional silicone polymers have been used to provide improved flexibility, but create recoatability issues.

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Improved Girth Welding On Seamless Linepipe For High H2S Partial Pressure Condition

Product Number: 51322-17710-SG

Author: Florian Thebault, Antoine Remy, Laurent Faivre, Sébastien Leconte

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 document part 2 provides material requirements for selecting cast irons and low-alloy steels for sour environments.¹ Figure 1 is reproduced from this standard and describes different regions of environmental severity for Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC): service in region 0 being the least susceptible to cracking, even for very sensitive materials, and region 3 being the worst.

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Improved Localized Corrosion Models For Stainless Steels In Aqueous Chloride Environments With Low Levels Of Dissolved Oxygen

Product Number: 51322-17955-SG

Author: Guru Prasad Sundararajan, Sinchana Rao, Tom Bos, Andrzej Anderko, Deepti Ballal

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In Upstream, CRAs (Corrosion Resistant Alloys) are widely selected to handle seawater and brines in piping, valves, pumps, heat exchangers, vessels, and seawater injection^1-4. Also, disposal of produced water is commonly performed through injection into spent fields. Water from a variety of sources including produced water, seawater and surface/fresh water may also be injected to create pressure drive for existing fields. Usually dissolved oxygen (DO) is not fully controlled when there are multiple sources of injection water and sometimes even possibility of injection of fully oxygenated water exists. For oxygenated seawater, the PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number = %Cr + 3.3 *(%Mo + 0.5 %W) + 16 %N) shall be >40 and limits are applied to the temperature4. Other applications involve Solid CRA or cladded production pipelines which may get flooded with seawater during installation and precommissioning.

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Improved Methodology To Identify The Location Of A Stuck Pig Using Large Standoff Magnetometry Technology

Product Number: 51321-16908-SG

Author: V. Shankar; E. Pozniak; C. Onuoha; S. McDonnell; J. Spenst; T. Bumby

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Improved Models for Life Assessment Inspections and Repair-Replace Decisions For HIGH TEMPERATURE HYDROGEN ATTACK (HTHA)

Product Number: 51319-13473-SG

Author: Raul Gonzalez

Publication Date: 2019

$20.00

HIGH-TEMPERATURE HYDROGEN ATTACK (HTHA) of steels is an extremely interesting topic in petrochemical industrial applications while a predictive physical model still does not exist. A number of studies carried out in the world are unambiguous confirmation of that statement. Bearing in mind multiple effects of hydrogen in certain metals the specific mechanism of high-temperature hydrogen attack embrittlement is manifested depending on the experimental conditions.The susceptibility of ASTM 204 Gr A steel to hydrogen-assisted cracking of refinery reactor retired was evaluated by mechanical fracture mechanics specimens. The material of zone with indication and zone without indications of the reactor was evaluated. Were loaded in tension and impact mechanical test to evaluate the probability of occurrence of the hydrogen-assisted cracking phenomenon. Fractography NDT and SEM-EDX analysis carried out on the fracture surfaces of the ruptured beams revealed was no evidence of the mechanisms of the crack propagation. Under both conditions the failure was cavity coalescence accommodated with plastic deformation. The results didn´t show the influence of hydrogen-induced embrittlement on the initiation of the fracture and the plasticity of the crack tip during the propagation of the crack where the latter becomes localized and uniform over the fracture surface. From the observations a three-stage crack propagation and lamination process and are proposed. Also the fracture toughness of the samples was evaluated by linear elastic fracture mechanics and the validity of the results are discussed. This result was very important to the refinery to develop plan inspections and make sound operations decisions based on the best available techniques.Keywords: Carbon steel corrosion HIGH TEMPERATURE HYDROGEN ATTACK (HTHA)

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Improved Performance Testing for Coatings in Corrosive Service

Product Number: 41205-199-SG

Author: Greg Ruschau

Publication Date: 2005

$20.00

Improved selection of testing protocols for corrosion coatings, along with proper interpretation of the results, allows for a better representation of how coatings will perform in service. A review of several types of corrosive service environments is presented, including the testing normally performed, along with a more in depth look at how to quantify performance variables in a rating system based on individual test results.

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Improved Unit Economics, Crude Blending and Throughput Management Using a Novel High Temperature Corrosion Prediction Framework

Product Number: MECC23-20054-SG

Author: Sridhar Srinivasan, Gerrit Buchheim

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Sulfur and acidic impurities in crude oils pose serious hot oil corrosion problems in crude distillation units (CDU) and associated vacuum distillation units (VDU), especially with the increase in processing of lowquality, opportunity crudes. In the range of 200-400˚C, reactive sulfur compounds cause sulfidation corrosion of ferritic carbon and chrome steels in CDU, VDU, and front ends of downstream units operating at hot oil temperatures. Over the same temperature range, naturally occurring carboxylic acids in crudes can be so aggressive that higher alloy, austenitic stainless steels containing >2.5% Mo are required for processing high acid oils.

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Improvement of Blasting Productivity by Optimizing Blasting-Related Operation Parameters

Product Number: 41207-303-SG

Author: Han-Jin Bae, Jae-Jin Baek, Chae-Suk Lee, Chil-Seok Shin, Byung-Hun Lee, Sang-Ryong Shin, Kwang-Ki Baek, Ki-Soo Kim

Publication Date: 2007

$20.00

As a means of surface preparation for protective coatings, abrasive blasting provides proper surface roughness and increases the surface area, which are critical in achieving physical and chemical adhesion between steel surface and organic coatings. For application of high-performance coating in a new shipbuilding, the abrasive blasting cleaning is widely favored primarily because of its economic and performance benefits. The abrasive blasting, however, also requires the significant amount of labor hour, whereas its efficiency mainly depends on the blaster’s skill.

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Improvement of Weather Resistance for Epoxy Based Coatings on Marine Structures

Product Number: 51216-008-SG

Author: Sang-Moon Shin, Chung-Seo Park, Seung-Gon Choo, Sang-Sik Park, Kyoung-Sub Hwang

Publication Date: 2016

$20.00

Epoxy-based coating used in the ships and marine structures can be quickly degraded after only a short period of exterior exposure. The weathering defects such as discoloration, chalking and gloss reduction are originated from a photo-oxidation of aromatic group in the epoxy resin under the UV light. Weather resistance coatings such as polyurethane and polysiloxane require more work due to the short over-coating interval and low compatibility with primer coating layers.

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Improvements in Direct Assessment with the Non-Contact Magnetic Gradient Tomography Method (MTM-G)

Product Number: 51324-20874-SG

Author: D. Nnamdi; Chukwuma C. Onuoha

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Due to the serious consequences of external corrosion and leaks in underground pipelines, external corrosion direct assessment, as described in AMPP SP0502, was developed to proactively prevent external corrosion and ensure the integrity of oil and gas pipelines that are difficult to pig. This standard requires a minimum of two indirect inspections to confirm the most susceptible locations on a pipeline for external corrosion to occur. Cathodic protection, coating and soil resistivity are collected during the indirect inspection process to help classify and prioritize anomalies for direct examination. This is also applicable during stress corrosion cracking direct assessment, where indirect inspection data are supplemented with other data to help pinpoint susceptible locations. All these techniques are not capable of identifying external metal loss or external stress corrosion cracks from aboveground; the pipeline must be exposed for the defects to be evaluated. The invention of the non-contact magnetic gradient tomography method has elevated DA protocols. This technology can use magnetic field strength from aboveground to identify external metal loss, cracks, dents, etc. This paper presents process improvements and real-life case studies demonstrating the benefits of this technology on non-piggable pipelines.

Individual Conference Papers

Association for Materials Protection and Performance