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Picture for Evaluation Of Dead Leg Piping with Internal Corrosion at A Salt Dome Natural Gas Storage Facility
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Evaluation Of Dead Leg Piping with Internal Corrosion at A Salt Dome Natural Gas Storage Facility

Product Number: 51323-19041-SG
Author: Leslie A. Ward, Len J. Krissa, Garry Matocha, Thomas Pickthall
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

The essence of this paper is to talk about internal corrosion found in deadleg piping at the Enbridge Gas Transmission, & Midstream (GTM) Egan Hub Partners Storage Facility and especially how the corrosion was evaluated after the deadlegs were removed. The salt dome cavern storage facility is in south central Louisiana. The internal corrosion was found in the piping that comes from the storage caverns and goes through pressure reduction stations and then through dehydrations systems.
Picture for Evaluation of Degradation of a Fiberglass Pipe Exposed to Two Industrial Fluids
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Evaluation of Degradation of a Fiberglass Pipe Exposed to Two Industrial Fluids

Product Number: 51317--8985-SG
ISBN: 8985 2017 CP
Author: Jie He
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

FRP pipe made of spiral-wound high strength glass fiber filaments and an aromatic amine-cured epoxy resin. Two 90-day exposure tests. Water penetration in the FRP was measured in terms of weight and volume gain as a function of exposure time.
Evaluation of Eco-Friendly Chemical Pre-Treatment on Aluminum Alloys in Oceanic Environments
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Evaluation of Eco-Friendly Chemical Pre-Treatment on Aluminum Alloys in Oceanic Environments

Product Number: 51219-203-SG
Author: Christopher Lucy
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

 As the maritime industry continues to push forward negotiating obstacles regarding cost reduction and efficiency, many advancements have been made over the years. Robotic welding, paperless quality control and advanced coatings have all played large roles in the overall success of the primary goals. One major improvement has been the integration of non-ferrous and composite materials for construction. Lighter materials that exhibit better corrosion resistance over steel are seeing increased use in ship and platform construction. While composites are gaining rapid interest and share, aluminum alloy is the fastest integrated material used to date.
Picture for Evaluation of Embedded Sacrificial Anode Probe for Use in Concrete Repair
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Evaluation of Embedded Sacrificial Anode Probe for Use in Concrete Repair

Product Number: 51319-13097-SG
Author: Neal Berke
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

Reinforced concrete subjected to chloride exposures can have severe corrosion occurring in discreet locations. A typical repair involves removing the distressed concrete replacing reinforcing bar if necessary and filling the hole with a cementitious repair material that is often concrete. Steel in the repair location often becomes a cathode to the surrounding steel resulting in corrosion of the bars in the concrete near the patch. One means to mitigate the acceleration of corrosion in the areas near the patch is to embed sacrificial anodes into the patch. These anodes provide corrosion control to the steel near the patch as well as to the steel in the patch. This paper describes the performance of a high-current output zinc-based embedded sacrificial anode using the Bureau of Reclamation M-82 Standard Protocol to Evaluate the Performance of Corrosion Mitigation Technologies in Concrete Repairs. This test protocol can ascertain the effectiveness of embedded sacrificial anodes in mitigating corrosion on steel outside of the repair patch. The results show that the sacrificial anode evaluated significantly reduced corrosion.Key words: Sacrificial anode concrete concrete repair ring corrosion
Picture for Evaluation of Erosion-Corrosion Behavior of N80 Steel Under High Velocity Wet Gas Condition
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Evaluation of Erosion-Corrosion Behavior of N80 Steel Under High Velocity Wet Gas Condition

Product Number: 51319-13526-SG
Author: Yunan Zhang
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

Erosion wear is an important cause of oilwell tubes failure in injection and production well. The erosion-corrosion behavior of N80 steel in wet gas pipeline with high gas velocity was studied by high temperature high pressure flow loop. The effects of temperature water content pressure and wall shear stress on erosion -corrosion have been examined. Corrosion rates of different testing periods were calculated through weight-loss method. The composition and morphology of the corrosion scale are characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The results indicated that the effect of corrosion in enhancing erosion is the synergy. Based on the results of experiments the critical shear force coefficient of erosion-corrosion is obtained to evaluate the erosion-corrosion behavior of N80 steel.Keywords: Erosion corrosion; Shear stress coefficient; N80 steel; Temperature; Water content; CO2 partial pressure; Wall shear stress
Picture for Evaluation of Galvanic Coupling of Lean Duplex Stainless Steel and Carbon Steel in Concrete Structures in Marine Environment
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Evaluation of Galvanic Coupling of Lean Duplex Stainless Steel and Carbon Steel in Concrete Structures in Marine Environment

Product Number: 51319-13334-SG
Author: Zehbour Panossian
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

Duplex stainless steels are used in concrete structures installed under high aggressiveness conditions such as marine atmosphere or areas with intense use of de-icing salt. This type of rebars are used when a very service life is required (over 100 years) or when there are maintenance restrictions such as inaccessibility or very high maintenance costs and disturbances to the population. Due to the high initial cost the use of duplex stainless steel rebars are restricted to the outside layer of a concrete structure which is directly subjected to a chloride contamination whereas at the inside areas or in areas protected from a chloride contamination carbon steel rebars are used electrically connected to the stainless steel rebars. However the galvanic corrosion of the stainless steel/carbon steel couple is a concern because different metals are kept in contact with each other in the structure. This work aims at studying the behavior of UNS S32304 stainless steel rebars in electric contact with bare steel rebars. Corrosion tests were conducted with the rebars immersed in pore solution and embedded in concrete subjected to cycles of contamination by chloride ions. Tests using AISI 304 were conducted as a reference.
Picture for Evaluation Of Girth-Welded 22Cr Duplex Stainless-Steel Piping For Susceptibility To Environmentally Assisted Cracking (EAC), Pitting, And General Corrosion In A Sour Environment
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Evaluation Of Girth-Welded 22Cr Duplex Stainless-Steel Piping For Susceptibility To Environmentally Assisted Cracking (EAC), Pitting, And General Corrosion In A Sour Environment

Product Number: 51321-16725-SG
Author: Jing Ning; Peter F. Ellis; Ramesh Rao; Brent Sherar
Publication Date: 2021
$20.00
Picture for Evaluation of Glass Reinforced Plastic for Post Combustion CO2 Capture Amine Service
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Evaluation of Glass Reinforced Plastic for Post Combustion CO2 Capture Amine Service

Product Number: 51323-18832-SG
Author: Anupom Sabhapondit, Aruna V T, Rajiv Srinivasan, Karl Stephenne, Sukanta Ghosh
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Carbon capture and storage as well as sequestration (CCS) and carbon capture and utilization (CCU) has been gaining immense importance in recent times as one of the practically achievable solutions to reduce global CO2 emissions, especially from industrial sources and thus reduce global warming. The use of different commercially available amine formulations is a well-established and widely used technology to capture the CO2 gas from industrial gas streams. Amines in liquid form, mostly mixed with water as well as in solid form, many times incorporated in nanomaterials are used to capture CO2 from industrial gas streams, eg., tail gas from power plants.
Evaluation of High Ratio Co-Polymerized Calcium Sulfonate (HRCSA) Addressing Crevice Corrosion for Structural Steel
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Evaluation of High Ratio Co-Polymerized Calcium Sulfonate (HRCSA) Addressing Crevice Corrosion for Structural Steel

Product Number: 51220-260-SG
Author: Barry Marcks
Publication Date: 2020
$20.00

The California Department of Transportation Chemical Testing Laboratory conducted a 5-year corrosion study evaluating the potential effectiveness of using a single component High Ratio Co-Polymerized Calcium Sulfonate (HRCSA) coating to address pack rust and crevice corrosion on the State’s structural steel bridges. 
Picture for Evaluation of Hydrogen Embrittlement and Sulphide Film Formation in an API 5L X80 Steel Base Metal A
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Evaluation of Hydrogen Embrittlement and Sulphide Film Formation in an API 5L X80 Steel Base Metal A

Product Number: 51319-13404-SG
Author: Mariana Folena
Publication Date: 2019
$20.00

Most pipelines are exposed to severe operational conditions and sour environments that might lead to hydrogen entry in steels. The existence of weld joints directly affects the useful lifetime of these tubes acting as preferential areas for incidence of hydrogen embrittlement due to residual stressand microstructure. It is complex to evaluate the effects of the hydrogen induced cracking in weld joints owing to the different microstructures in the base metal heat affected zone and weld metal. There is a great concern to understand the influence of each region on crack propagation and iron sulphide film formation. This study investigates the behaviour of an API X80 steel base metal and weld joint in relation to hydrogen absorption in different concentrations of H2S. Slow strain rate tests and iron sulphide film analysis were conducted to determine the influence of each region of weld joint on the loss of ductility and protectiveness of the film. Particularly evaluating the reproducibility of tests in weld joints due to different regions of fracture and film formation. It was observed that the loss of ductility and the iron sulphide film morphology and barrier effect against hydrogen dependents on the weld joint fracture region.
Evaluation of Hydrogen Embrittlement of Nickel-Based Alloys in Cesium Formate with H2S/CO2
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Evaluation Of Hydrogen Embrittlement Of Nickel-Based Alloys In Cesium Formate With H2S/CO2

Product Number: 51322-18024-SG
Author: Xiaoji Li, Ramgopal Thodla
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Cesium formate (CsFo) brines have been used as the drilling and/or completion fluids in oil and gas wells in need of high-density fluids.1,2 Multiple studies on corrosion of steels and corrosion resistance alloys (CRA) in formate environments have been reported in the literature.2-8 It was known that the formate brines could undergo significant decomposition to form hydrogen when in contact with catalytic surfaces which CRA can act as. Therefore, there have been concerns that the CRA may catalyze the decomposition of formate brines to accelerate the generation of hydrogen which in turn may embrittle certain CRAs and endanger the relevant well equipment.
Picture for Evaluation of Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance of 41XX Cr-Mo steels, 13Cr Stainless Steel in High Pressure Hydrogen Environment
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Evaluation of Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance of 41XX Cr-Mo steels, 13Cr Stainless Steel in High Pressure Hydrogen Environment

Product Number: 51323-18971-SG
Author: Karthik Krishnan, Shashwat Shukla, Arpana Verma
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Hydrogen gas (H2) is touted for potential as future fuel as it could be a way to convert excess energy produced when demand is lower. Depending on the source of excess energy used for conversion to Hydrogen this process could have low or no carbon footprint. This Hydrogen gas could then be stored and used for electricity, transportation, chemical processes when the demand arises similar to how natural gas is being used currently. Thus, storage of Hydrogen in vast volumes would be one of the key elements for the success of Hydrogen as a future fuel
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