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Focusing on the invention of new measurement methods in order to analyze hull coating efficiency more precisely is one approach. However, it is possible to treat performance data from in-situ observations carried out at specified intervals onboard any vessel (over 10,000 dwt) by means of a data collection protocol.
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The CANDU® reactor is a pressurized heavy water moderated (D2O) reactor, fueled with natural uranium. Nuclear fission of natural uranium occurs in the fuel channels and the heat generated from the fission is transported from the fuel channel to the steam generator, via the primary heat transport system. The nuclear reaction is moderated by heavy water that surrounds the fuel channels contained within the Calandria Vessel.
Microbial influenced corrosion is a type of corrosion caused by microorganisms attached to the metal surface or by their activity. The first one who noted the MIC was Gaines in 1910 [1], followed by research about the graphitization of cast irons in anaerobic soils in 1934 [2]. Nowadays, attention to MIC problems increased significantly.
Fluoroethylene vinyl ether (FEVE) resins were developed to overcome some of the challenges of traditional fluoropolymer resins exhibited in paint coatings. FEVE resins are synthesized from two monomers, fluoroethylene, and vinyl ether. When these monomers undergo radical polymerization, they produce amorphous A-B-type polymers shown below (Figure 1).
In metalworking processes, contaminants can interfere with future processing steps and may accelerate corrosion on metal parts. As such, a cleaning step is often implemented prior to coating or packaging finished parts. Industrial cleaners are typically water-based with blends of surfactants, co-solvents, chelating agents, and/or flash rust inhibitors. While accelerated corrosion tests such as humidity and salt fog exist, they are typically too aggressive for the evaluation of flash rust inhibitors in cleaners which are not meant to provide long-term corrosion protection. There is a need in the industry for a quick and reliable way to select a cleaner that meets the needs of the application and is compatible with the overall process. A screening method to compare the flash rust protection ability of various water-based cleaners was investigated. Modified vapor inhibiting ability (VIA) testing and linear polarization resistance (LPR) tests were performed on carbon steel plugs treated with several cleaners. Industry standards currently recommend that any detergent or cleaner be removed from metal surfaces prior to applying coatings. When evaluating cleaning processes where coatings will be subsequently applied, adhesion testing should be paired with the screening test. The effects of various cleaners on adhesion of a waterborne acrylic coating were investigated.
PbSCC of Ni-base alloys is active over a wide range of environmental conditions but for the higher Cr content Alloys 800 and 690 only under abnormal crevice environment of high or low pH that can occur in the secondary side of Pressurized Water Nuclear Reactors (PWRs). Several experimental campaigns have aimed at understanding this phenomenon, concluding that PbSCC can develop in both acidic and caustic solutions, for low and high concentration of Pb, across a wide electrochemical potential range and in presence of chlorides contaminants.
Current coating practice requires the thickness of anti-corrosion organic coatings to be over 250 for immersion parts of ships and offshore structures and the protective performance of these coatings has been evaluated by destructive and qualitative analysis. Recently, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) method has been employed, as an alternative, to evaluate corrosion resistance of organic coatings. This method is characterized as being nondestructive, reproducible, and quantitative in evaluating aging of organic coatings.
To better understand the mechanism of erosion-corrosion, electrochemical tests were performed on UNS G10180, UNS S31603 and UNS S32205, used in the construction of pulp/paper machinery components exposed to caustic environments.