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Evaluation of Susceptibility of an API 5L X-52 Pipeline Steel to Hydrogen Stress Cracking and Ethanol Stress Corrosion Cracking in Bio-Based Fuel Grade Ethanol Feedstocks

Picture for Evaluation of Susceptibility of an API 5L X-52 Pipeline Steel to Hydrogen Stress Cracking and Ethanol Stress Corrosion Cracking in Bio-Based Fuel Grade Ethanol Feedstocks
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Over the past two decades, bio-based fuel-grade ethanols (BFGEs), derived from a variety of agriculture feedstocks (e.g., corn, sugar cane, soybean oil, and sugar beet), are increasingly being used as a renewable energy source to reduce the dependence of fossil fuels for motor vehicle applications. One cost-effective and environmentally benign way to transport BFGEs is through steel transmission pipelines. However, cases of environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) in the transportation of BFGEs have been documented including some in pipelines.

Product Number: 51323-18794-SG
Author: Jie He, Brent Sherar, Peter Ellis II, Russ Kane
Publication Date: 2023
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$20.00
$20.00

Environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) was found on the ID of a cathodically protected API 5L X-52 steel ethanol pipeline buried in a soil environment. To identify the root cause, multiple tests were conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of the steel to externally driven hydrogen stress cracking (HSC) and internally driven ethanol stress corrosion cracking (eSCC).
Hydrogen permeation tests were first conducted to investigate the possibility of HSC occurrence on the steel in a simulated chloride-contaminated soil environment. The atomic hydrogen content in the steel was found to be 0.7 to 2.5 ppm by weight while charging at −1.6 V vs. Cu/CuSO4 electrode (CSE). The cathodic overprotection could drive the surface pH to 14 or higher and cause caustic corrosion in the environment.

Environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) was found on the ID of a cathodically protected API 5L X-52 steel ethanol pipeline buried in a soil environment. To identify the root cause, multiple tests were conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of the steel to externally driven hydrogen stress cracking (HSC) and internally driven ethanol stress corrosion cracking (eSCC).
Hydrogen permeation tests were first conducted to investigate the possibility of HSC occurrence on the steel in a simulated chloride-contaminated soil environment. The atomic hydrogen content in the steel was found to be 0.7 to 2.5 ppm by weight while charging at −1.6 V vs. Cu/CuSO4 electrode (CSE). The cathodic overprotection could drive the surface pH to 14 or higher and cause caustic corrosion in the environment.

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51317--9518-Chloride Stress Cracking of an Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe Fitting in a Hydroprocessing Unit

Product Number: 51317--9518-SG
ISBN: 9518 2017 CP
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Product Number: 51323-18773-SG
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Publication Date: 2023
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Development of A Combined Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor for Subsea Multiphase Oil Field in Brazil

Product Number: 51323-18810-SG
Author: Larry Chen, Nihal Obeyesekere, Aline Kina, Lisa Greaney
Publication Date: 2023
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This production asset located in the deep-water offshore Brazil, producing heavy oil in the range of 16 to 24 oAPI. Mudline caisson separators with electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) are used to process fluids from multiple wells and boost them to the receiving floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) vessel(1). There are significant flow-assurance and corrosion challenges in operating the asset. One of the challenges is the production fields have limited subsea umbilical, necessitate the use of
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