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A Saudi Aramco facility continues to serve a vital rule in the processing and export of crude oil. This facility is one of the few facilities worldwide that is considered to be fully sufficient with different processes within its boundaries. While processing hydrocarbon throughout the day, this facility also processes utilities to serve the nearby community as well as its own oper ation. The raw water that feeds the utility process arrives from a nearby fields through the 24” supply lines. These lines provide n. the subject RO plant within the utility process with the sufficient amount of water to sustain the huge magnitude of operation.
Maintaining the constant supply out of aging hydrocarbon facilities always remains as a challenge for the operating plants. The critical nature of well-established reliable facilities create no room for error or operational outages. In order to ensure that the processing of hydrocarbons is constant, aging facilities must also ensure that the stream and processing of the supporting utilities is also meeting the operational requirements. Utility streams in plant facility may encounter several challenges especially in the ageing facility (70+ year) that might result in a shutdown and thus it can interrupt the feed. This in return would result the operation to be forced to rely on the steam reserve until the return of normal operation. In this paper, a case study will be presented on a component performance and the rectification to return the service to normal operating condition in a timely manner through the utilization of an optimized nonmetallic solution based on reinforced thermosetting resin (RTR) materials. This approach for CPVC piping systems provided the required resolution with additional benefits to the facility. RTR blinds provided better manufacturability, long term integrity, endurance to better absorb the upset condition and in-Kingdom availability.
High-pressure steel pipeline is a common, cost-effective method for transporting CO2 from its point of capture to storage sites1. In pipeline transport systems, CO2 is mostly transported in its liquid or supercritical phase, depending on the operating pressure2,3, which requires compression of CO2 gas to a pressure above 80 bar (Figure 1) and avoid a two-phase flow regime in the steel pipelines. In the USA, the longest CO2 pipelines, which transport more than 40 MtCO2 per year from production point to sites in Texas, where the CO2 is used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), operate in the “dense phase” mode and at ambient temperature and high pressure.
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Chromate conversion coatings are relied upon to ensure the long-term corrosion performance and surface electrical properties of aluminum alloys, as well as to improve the bond strength and adhesive properties of organic coatings and adhesives. Chromate based chemistries have been all but eliminated in Europe, and it is believed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will stage their elimination in the USA within the next 5 to 10 years. The development of chemistries to replace chromate has been a hot area of research for over 30 years, and now a series of commercial alternatives have become available. These new coatings differ in their chemistry and performance characteristics, as well as their functional limitations, from chromate.
Biomass-derived pyrolysis oils (bio-oils) are recognized as a renewable energy source that couldaid in the reduction of fossil fuel use. Bio-oils exhibit higher corrosivity to common ferrous alloys because the oils contain organic acids and water. A series of corrosion studies were previously performed to determine the corrosion rates of ferrous alloys exposed in bio-oils for a quantitative evaluation of the material compatibility. The key information from these previous studies is that ferrous alloys with more Cr, Ni, and Mo are needed for compatibility with bio-oils.