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Determination Of Oxygen Limits For Corrosion Resistant Alloys (Cras) In Oil & Gas Produced Water Based On Electrochemical Test Methods – Part 1

Determination Of Oxygen Limits For Corrosion Resistant Alloys (Cras) In Oil & Gas Produced Water Based On Electrochemical Test Methods – Part 1
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Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRAs) have been widely used in oil & gas process systems since the 1980s due to their excellent resistance towards uniform corrosion in aggressive environments such as seawater and produced water containing CO2, organic acids and/or production chemicals. However, cases of localized corrosion in the form of pitting and crevice corrosion have regularly been observed.  As an example, ISO(2) 21457 limits the max. operating temperature to 200C for 25 Cr super duplex stainless steel (UNS S32750/760) and 6-Mo austenittic stainless steels (UNS S31254) in chlorinated seawater systems, to avoid crevice corrosion.1 

Product Number: 51322-17939-SG
Author: Roy Johnsen, Marie E. Edvardsen, Martin O. Hestvik, Cristian Torres, Jan Ivar Skar, Marion Duparc, Sven Morten Hesjevik
Publication Date: 2022
Industries: Gas/Liquid Pipelines , Corrosion Monitoring and Control , Coatings
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$20.00
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Stainless steels are frequently used in the oil & gas industry due to their excellent resistance against corrosion.  In seawater and produced water, however, pitting and/or crevice corrosion can occur assuming the process conditions are outside the so-called “safe operation window” for the actual alloy.  In produced water, oxygen content is one important process parameter.  It is well known that in electrolytes with small amounts of oxygen (O2 < 10 ppbw), stainless steels can be used at much higher temperatures than in seawater saturated with oxygen (∼ 8 ppmw O2).  In this paper, the effect of temperature, pH and chloride content on crevice corrosion and repassivation potential in simulated produced water without oxygen is examined for UNS(1) S31603, UNS S31803 and UNS S32750. The tests showed that both temperature and chloride ion concentration strongly affected the results.

Stainless steels are frequently used in the oil & gas industry due to their excellent resistance against corrosion.  In seawater and produced water, however, pitting and/or crevice corrosion can occur assuming the process conditions are outside the so-called “safe operation window” for the actual alloy.  In produced water, oxygen content is one important process parameter.  It is well known that in electrolytes with small amounts of oxygen (O2 < 10 ppbw), stainless steels can be used at much higher temperatures than in seawater saturated with oxygen (∼ 8 ppmw O2).  In this paper, the effect of temperature, pH and chloride content on crevice corrosion and repassivation potential in simulated produced water without oxygen is examined for UNS(1) S31603, UNS S31803 and UNS S32750. The tests showed that both temperature and chloride ion concentration strongly affected the results.

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Determination of Oxygen Limits for Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRAs) in Oil & Gas Produced Water Based on Electrochemical Test Methods – Part 2
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Determination Of Oxygen Limits For Corrosion Resistant Alloys (Cras) In Oil & Gas Produced Water Based On Electrochemical Test Methods – Part 2.

Product Number: 51322-17947-SG
Author: Marion Duparc, Roy Johnsen, Jan Ivar Skar, Tov Eivind Saxegaard
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Crevice corrosion is a geometrical-dependent type of localized attack that occurs in occluded regions where a stagnant and corrosive electrolyte is in contact with the surface of a passive metal1,2. Crevices are present in all industrial designs and can lead to major failure since their detection is often challenging3,4. Main strategies for the prevention and mitigation of crevice corrosion include design awareness and adequate materials selection5.  
Picture for Determining the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Concentration Limit for Safe Operation of CRAs in Saline Solut
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Determining the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Concentration Limit for Safe Operation of CRAs in Saline Solution

Product Number: 51317--9062-SG
ISBN: 9062 2017 CP
Author: Qing Lu
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

Study to assess pitting corrosion resistance of 316L ASS (UNS S31603) and 25%Cr SDSS (UNS S32750) in salt solutions containing dissolved oxygen(DO). The DO levels examined were: 20, 50, and 100ppb, and the concentration of chloride ions were up to 152g/L Cl-, at 50 and 60°C. The results are reported herein.
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51318-10799-Evaluation of the Effect of Oxygen on CRA Materials

Product Number: 51318-10799-SG
Author: Arwa Al Wahaibi / Talal Al Nabhani / Pedro Rincon Flores / Nassar Al Behalni
Publication Date: 2018
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This paper will present the testing results and the effect of oxygen on Austenitic Stainless Steel Grade 316L, Duplex Stainless Steel (22% Cr DSS) and Super Duplex Stainless Steel (25% Cr SDSS).
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