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In the Oil and Gas plant industry, coating plays an important role in increasing added value for the purpose of providing product functionality and protecting products as the final stage of all work.In particular, heavy-duty coating refers to a coating system that can withstand severe corrosive environments such as sea, underwater, and coastal industrial areas, and has a durability of at least 20 years for structures that are difficult to repair environmentally and economically.
Cast Iron with its ancient history, traced back to 6th century BCE1, has been used for centuries to anything from manhole covers & fire hydrants to bridges. However, the development of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron (SGCI) or Nodular Cast Iron, in the 1940’s, with resulting improvement in mechanical properties such as ductility and fracture toughness, paved the way for further growth in industrial usage of cast iron.2 The material has been adopted by several industries such as automotive-, nuclear-, and wind turbine industry. During the last decade, SCGI has gained increased attention as construction material for subsea equipment in offshore oil & gas production, mainly competing with welded and bolted steel assemblies.
The SCC of stainless steels has been an issue facing light water reactors (LWRs) since 1965 when sensitized components failed in the Dresden boiling water reactor (BWR). Numerous experimental efforts have been performed to characterize the SCC of stainless steel in LWRs in the last several decades and many of these efforts have been reported at each of the prior Environmental Degradation of Materials Conferences. Recent research has focused on characterizing SCCGR dependencies in hydrogen deaerated water. Testing of cold worked (CW) stainless steel has shown that heavily CW stainless steel has Arrhenius temperature functionality with a thermal activation energy of roughly 75 kJ/mol . In moderately to low CW stainless steel, a departure from Arrhenius temperature functionality is observed due to high temperature SCCGR retardation (HTR). This paper further extends this research and describes tests which were conducted to characterize the SCCGR temperature dependency of sensitized and CW 304 SS in hydrogenated water.
The majority of insulation coatings used today are used to provide personnel protection to workers in the oil and gas or chemicals industry. These coatings provide a reduction in surface temperature to help prevent burn injuries from accidental contact with a hot surface. Human burn hazard is defined in ASTM C1055-03 and this standard is used in conjunction with ASTM C1057-17 as a method of determining skin contact temperature from a heated surface.
An iron fence, started in 1873, with gates and some modest ornamentation was constructed in nearby Lafayette and assembled on the site of the historic battle. Built by “Thomas Harding, Contractor and Builder,” the fence surrounds the historic battlefield, and serves as a monument to the memory of those that fought and died there.
Pallets have been used in transporting and storing goods such as consumables, food & beverages, and chemicals for many years. Pallets have multiple designs and dimensions and can be produced from multiple raw materials such as wood, plastic, and metal. The most common types of pallets are wooden and plastic, while wooden pallets have been used the longest and possess the largest share of the global market.
The glass transition temperature (Tg) is an important property, as it is a reflection of both the type of resins in a coating and its degree of cure. This paper discusses what Tg is, the measurement of Tg, and its relationship to coating performance. Data is presented which indicates that the performance of a coating may depend on the conditions under which it is cured, such that the exact same coating may perform differently depending on the region of the country in which it is used and the time of year in which it is applied.
Vibratory cavitation testing applied to alloy UNS N10665 at a frequency of 20 KHz and at temperatures of 25°C - in seawater. Free corrosion potentials and mass loss in the presence and absence of cavitation were also determined for this alloy.