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Over the past few decades surface preparation standards have been implemented to provide guidance on determining the necessary surface cleanliness for specific applications. Prior to such standards, surfaces were prepared as they saw fit at the time of application which created high variability in performance of the protective coating. Since the standards were developed, the resulting performance consistency has become increased significantly. Such standards discuss a visual inspection of the steel after an abrasive material has been used to remove scale, rust, and other discoloration soils.
There are various abrasive media available for blasting steel surfaces in preparation for protective coating application. Each of these abrasive materials provides not only a surface profile, but a different resulting steel surface condition either from direct embedment of particles and/or changing of the corrosion potential of the steel chemistry. This paper will provide an analysis of the steel surface after blasting with different abrasive media including garnet, coal slag, steel slag, and glass / silica. This analysis includes profile peak density measurements, XPS, polarization resistance, and soluble salt measurements prior to coating application. The scope of the work also includes the use of conditioning or cleaning agents to prepare the steel surface for optimum cleanliness after the blasting process. The coated panels will then be tested with elevated temperature deionized water immersions (NACE TM 0174) and corrosion cell. (Atlas cell) This work will provide insight into some of the variation seen in the field between using different abrasive blast medias that result in differences in coating performance.
The motivation for this work was to perform a comprehensive test program to investigate several commercially available composite repair systems and their interactions with cathodic protection. Multiple test methods were utilized to prove there remains a low probability of shielding for composites of typical thickness and in a typical environment. This work will also discuss how results from current industry qualification tests (such as those specified in ASME PCC-2) can be considered when making long-term decisions regarding the effects of cathodic protection on composite repairs and the pipelines on which they are installed. This paper provides an innovative approach to test and validate the interactions of cathodic protection with several commercially available composite repair systems.
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As governments around the world seek to promote the adoption of lower-carbon fuels, credits are available for fuels which satisfy various low-carbon or renewable fuels standards. In the United States, the most common standards discussed include California’s Low Carbon Fuels Standard1 and the US EPA’s Renewable Fuel Standard2. These standards define the acceptable methods (called pathways) for conversion of renewable feeds into consumer fuel products. In order for a producer to be eligible for credits, one of the acceptable pathways must be used. The most common pathway presently being used or considered by most facilities is hydrotreating.
In oil refineries, one corrosion issue occurs each week worldwide that leads to a severe incident such as sudden leakages, e.g., resulting from pipe ruptures.[1] These facts emphasize the need for corrosion control in refineries. Corrosion monitoring is one important approach to utilize and can maximize equipment integrity and productivity.