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Atmospheric corrosion of bare metals is a constantly occurring process that can cause significant damage to metal components and structures. For this reason, it has been extensively studied, especially for steel and aluminum alloys.1-8 Environmental exposure testing is a common method for studying and characterizing the corrosion severity of a location, which allows for comparison with other regions. Much of this data collection is directed toward development of predictive models for corrosion processes, with the goal of estimating corrosion damage based on environmental conditions.
Atmospheric corrosion of silver from multiple beachfront sites in Florida was examined by coulometric reduction. Exposure was performed at the US Naval Research Laboratory in Key West, Kennedy Space Center, and Daytona Beach. Coupons were exposed for 3-18 months. Silver chloride and sulfide were identified and quantified by a galvanic reduction technique, which separately characterized the corrosion products on the front and back of each coupon. Differences were observed between sites for both chloride and sulfide growth rate. Silver chloride grew fastest at Daytona Beach, but no silver sulfide was observed on any samples at this site. Additionally, corrosion was observed to occur differently on the front and back of the samples. Increasing exposure times showed increasing corrosion film thickness, and exposure at different sites showed different corrosion film thicknesses and compositions. Additionally, the coulometric reduction technique has been examined in-depth to identify and mitigate possible difficulties in results interpretation which arise from thick and/or multi-component films.
In oil refineries, one corrosion issue occurs each week worldwide that leads to a severe incident such as sudden leakages, e.g., resulting from pipe ruptures.[1] These facts emphasize the need for corrosion control in refineries. Corrosion monitoring is one important approach to utilize and can maximize equipment integrity and productivity.
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Geothermal Energy is currently engineered as an “always on” baseload supply, due to the limited flexibility to throttle the well without scaling and fatigue issues, and it is engineered for maximal efficiency at this output level. Scaling is a major problem in geothermal plants, particularly in cases where the geothermal fluid composition and plant operation make it difficult to control scaling. In such areas, particularly where scale inhibitors cannot be employed, the formation of scales can make the process less efficient and in extreme cases can lead to unexpected shutdown.
The data produced in this study indicates that there are differences between the ICRI CSP comparator panels and TACM CSP comparator panels. Further, there are differences between taking direct measurements from known surfaces (i.e., the ICRI and TACM CSP panels) and obtaining indirect measurements from an epoxy putty casting of those same known surfaces. Therefore, it is important that the specifier indicate which method is to be used when qualitative or quantitative methods are invoked in the contract documents.