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Building upon the balanced equifinality principle, the authors explore the placement and wording of the scope of work in painting specifications and specifications in general. Often the scope is buried in a thick labyrinth of complex legal requirements, general conditions, special terms, forms, attestations, and overly inclusive technical specifications which are in reality engineering standards.
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In 1984 the US EPA issued a Request for Proposals to select a provider to privatize the approval of products and components used in water distribution systems across the United States. A team which was led by NSF International and included the American Water Works Association Research Foundation, the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators, the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers, and the American Water Works Association was awarded the contract to develop the standard. In 1988, NSF/ANSI 61: Drinking Water System Components ― Health Effects was published as a result of the work of this team. This standard established minimum requirements for the control of potential adverse human health effects from products that contact drinking water and has been updated regularly since then to add testing criteria for additional contaminants and product types.
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is an important degradation mechanism for materials in civil infrastructure. Recent findings in Florida showed severe corrosion of submerged steel bridge piles associated with microbial activity. Furthermore, heavy marine growth (i.e., tunicates, hydroids, barnacles) was observed on the steel piles, which was also thought to affect the corrosion process by creating oxygen concentration cells and causing the initiation of localized corrosion.
This paper discusses the revision of SSPC-PA 9, “Measurement of Dry Coating Thickness Using Ultrasonic Gages.” This standard describes procedures to measure the thickness of dry, homogeneous coatings applied to concrete, wood, wallboard, plastic, fiber and composite material using commercially available ultrasonic coating thickness gages.
The five-year review of D7091, Standard Practice for Non-destructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals is due to be completed by the end of 2018. The main update to this standard practice is the addition of the concept of scanning probes. Scanning probes are configured to take reading continuously at a rate of more than two reading a second while the probe is in contact with the coating.
Numerous industry studies have shown a lack of correlation between outdoor weathering performance in Florida, and performance in common accelerated weathering tests-- particularly when multiple types of resins are being compared. No single accelerated weathering test exists that can predict the outdoor performance for every type of resin in every color.
The permeance of coatings applied to the walls of Single Wythe concrete masonry units (CMU) can affect the long-term performance of the coating system, especially after multiple repaints. This paper describes the results of a study to determine if the Atlas Cell Test (NACE TM0174/ASTM C868) can be modified to evaluate the performance of individual coating systems based upon permeance.
This paper will provide information on the standards used in evaluating and determining correct application and selection of protective coatings and linings used in the wastewater industry. It will also highlight certification that can be used in evaluating contractors and inspection companies used in the coating and lining process.
Pre-construction primers (also known as shop primers or pre-fabrication primers) are very thin films applied to blast cleaned steel plates and shapes to provide preservation of the blasted steel during the shipbuilding or construction process. SSPC is developing an industry guide document containing information regarding the use of pre-construction primers (PCP) on structural steel in shipbuilding.
EWPD of Saudi Aramco is the custodian of five large volume crude oil storage tanks with diameter of 106 m (348’) and 110 m (360’), where the crude oil is stored and transported from eastern region to western region. The tank which is being addressed in this paper is an API1 650 with floating roof. Its capacity is 1,013,000 barrels and its diameter is 110 m. This tank was built in 1978 on an oily sand pad and reinforced concrete ring wall. The inboard and sketch plates are 6.35 mm thick, and annular plates are 16 mm thick
Water, steam, and waterjetting have long been used in the conservation of historic artifacts and structures such as the R.M.S. Titanic and the Saturn V Rocket at Johnson Space Center. Integral to the conservation is the removal of loose material, reduction in salts and corrosion, retention of coatings and desirable patina, and repair of damaged areas.
Application and curing dynamics of paints are rarely quantified over a wide range of varying climactic conditions; yet this information is critical to the final performance of the coating. There is a growing need among raw material suppliers, formulators, and applicators to better understand the performance of products under the extreme humidity and temperature conditions experienced during application.