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In 1984 the US EPA issued a Request for Proposals to select a provider to privatize the approval of products and components used in water distribution systems across the United States. A team which was led by NSF International and included the American Water Works Association Research Foundation, the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators, the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers, and the American Water Works Association was awarded the contract to develop the standard. In 1988, NSF/ANSI 61: Drinking Water System Components ― Health Effects was published as a result of the work of this team. This standard established minimum requirements for the control of potential adverse human health effects from products that contact drinking water and has been updated regularly since then to add testing criteria for additional contaminants and product types.
On January 1, 2023, NSF will implement lower extractable limits for certain components in NSF/ANSI/CAN Std. 61/600. This paper will discuss the impact that the change to the extractable limits in NSF Standard 61 will have on facility owners, contractors and specifying engineers. By now, most in the water industry have heard about the new lower extractable limits will take effect on January 1, 2023; but there is significant uncertainty among tank owners and specifying engineers as to how this new standard will impact the coating of water tanks in the near term and future. This paper will analyze how these changes will impact current technology and legacy tank coatings and discuss the use of ultrahigh solids coating technology to comply with these standards. While this paper will address the technological impacts of this standard, it will also address the practical considerations related to tank owners and specifiers. This paper will clear up confusion and misunderstanding in the tank painting industry regarding the impact of the new NSF 600 standard.
Aircraft representative galvanic test articles and witness coupons were placed out for atmospheric exposure testing at the U.S. Naval Research Lab (NRL) site in Key West, Florida. One set of test specimens was exposed to only ambient environment for a 62 day period; a second set of test specimens was exposed to both ambient environment (initial 62 days), and a short duration, twice daily, seawater spray protocol over a further 55 day period. Environmental loading was monitored using sensors that measured temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and time of wetness (TOW), at 30 minute intervals. Following retrieval, the test articles were inspected in the laboratory using laser profilometry to characterize the spatial distribution and depth of corrosion damage. Mass loss measurement using the witness coupons was used to estimate relative corrosion rates for the two periods.
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More and more High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) sour wells are operated worldwide. Challenging material selection is required for such severe operating conditions.1,2 Very high strength materials, presenting yield strength above 896 MPa (130 ksi), are required for sustaining the pressure. Consequently, even a low amount of H2S in the gas phase may lead to a H2S partial pressure beyond the limit of 3.5 mbar (0.05 psi) established in NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 standard.3 Indeed, both high yield strengths and partial pressures of H2S contribute to a situation where the risk of Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) is high. The present paper is focusing on the SSC resistance of 130 ksi minimum yield strength material developed for covering such HPHT applications.
EWPD of Saudi Aramco is the custodian of five large volume crude oil storage tanks with diameter of 106 m (348’) and 110 m (360’), where the crude oil is stored and transported from eastern region to western region. The tank which is being addressed in this paper is an API1 650 with floating roof. Its capacity is 1,013,000 barrels and its diameter is 110 m. This tank was built in 1978 on an oily sand pad and reinforced concrete ring wall. The inboard and sketch plates are 6.35 mm thick, and annular plates are 16 mm thick