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Regulation and business needs of an organization are primary drivers for the decisions made in a pipeline integrity management data plan. How data is acquired and stored can vary greatly as determined by those factors. Two production databases and multiple remote sensor vendor databases are referenced in this text, each with a business case to operate independently.
Data management is a critical component of an integrity management plan. Current products and services in the integrity management sector can generate an enormous amount of uncontrolled and disjointed data, housed on multiple platforms. This text examines methods of mapping and linking multiple data sources to achieve optimal data usefulness, while reducing redundant data, through use of spatial and relational techniques. By defining relationships between fixed points, linear values can be generated from calibrated routes. Developing methods to introduce new data, standardized from spatial data, serves to maintain data quality. Recurring data transfer logistics, using relational keys in conjunction with ETL procedures, serve to link databases. Value is achieved on a large-scale using girth welds to automate the process of generating mile post values for point features. Data generated at remote sensors are aggregated from multiple vendors and populated using an exchange governed by universally unique identifiers (UUID).
Impressed current rectifiers are the backbone of a pipeline operator’s cathodic protection (CP) systems. A rectifier’s ability to protect a large length of electrically continuous pipeline considerably improves efficiencies and reduces material costs as compared to galvanic systems. However, like galvanic anodes, impressed current anodes are a consumable asset, and require replacement at the end of their service life to ensure that the rectifier can continue to adequately protect the pipeline.
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Oil and gas wells are highly corrosive environments because they contain H2S and CO2. The 13Cr martensitic stainless steel is widely used in the oil and gas industry because of high good corrosion resistance in CO2 gas wells. Generally, the addition of Mo increases the passivity of steel. However, the role of Mo in passive films has not been completely clarified.
Corrosion of reinforcing steel is the most significant cause of deterioration of reinforced concrete structures. Exposure to de-icing salts, seawater and chloride-containing set accelerators can play a significant role in reinforcing steel corrosion. Long-term exposure to carbon dioxide is also cited as a contributor to the corrosion of steel in concrete as well.