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In the recent years, Horizontal Directional Drilling - HDD - became a real improvement for pipeline construction when crossing obstacles such as rivers, roads or railways. For the corrosion protection of the carbon steel pipeline, a protective coating is associated with cathodic protection. But for trenchless techniques, the coating shall withstand the stresses from the installation. Several standards are used to specify corrosion protection coatings for buried pipelines but those documents do not cover the specific conditions of an HDD.
GRTgaz operates over 30 000 km of gas pipelines in France. The majority of these pipelines have been laid in trenches, however, when crossing a river, a highway or a railway, contractors are required to use trenchless technology such as Micro-tunneling, HDD or Direct Pipe.Due to intensive pipe/soil interactions which exist, when utilizing these techniques, the coating can become damaged. Thus, to offset this damage, GRTgaz has developed its own decision support software to provide guidance in designing the appropriate coating thickness for trenchless pipe installations.Based on an extensive description of the crossing profile, pipeline characteristics and soil properties, the tool has the ability to output maximum pulling load and stress during installation, hydrotest and operations.It can also assist in choosing the best possible coating material by providing a risk estimation for each failure mode associated with a trenchless installation.This paper will provide actual examples from the field and explain the calculation process behind the tool.
Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI) is the corrosion of piping or equipment under insulation that occurs when moisture ingresses the interface between insulation and piping or equipment, helping to form corrosion cells. CUI is one of the costliest problems shared by the oil and gas industries. One reason this problem has been a perennial challenge is that CUI is difficult to detect because it occurs under the insulation. And since it occurs regardless of the type of fluid in the pipe, every part of the plant would be included in the monitoring scope.
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Atomic hydrogen can enter metallic microstructures from deposition processes like Cr plating or phosphatizing, chemical and electrochemical pickling treatments, during welding operations if the humidity of consumables is too high, by cathodic processes resulting from corrosion phenomena or contact with high pressure gaseous hydrogen. According to different chemical-physical mechanisms, atomic hydrogen can enter the metallic structure resulting in damages of various forms, such as HIC (hydrogen induced cracking), SOHIC (stress oriented HIC), delayed fracture and hydrogen embrittlement (HE).
For many years coatings based on methyl/phenyl silicone resins have proven to be one of the most effective and reliable products within the high heat and protective coatings segments. Their inorganic characters along with the methyl/phenyl modification provide outstanding long term thermal stability, attractive corrosion protection, weather resistance and good mechanical properties. In general, silicone resins for high heat applications can be categorized into two sub-groups: i) oven curing and ii) ambient temperature curing systems.In the case of typical oven cured silicone