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Caustic corrosion is sometimes referred to as “caustic attack or “caustic gouging.” Corrosion of this type may result from internally fouled heat transfer surfaces and the presence of sodium hydroxide in the boiler water; and concentrated solutions of alkali where the normal washing of the tube metal ID is restricted after Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB), i.e., when the steam bubble release exceeds the rinsing rate.
Caustic corrosion also referred to as “Caustic attack” or “Caustic gouging” generally results from the fouled heat transfer surfaces on boiler tubes and due to the presence of sodium hydroxide in the boiler water. Once the caustic concentrations reached a certain level the caustic attack occurs and results in irregular wall thinning or gouging of the tube water side surface. The damage progresses through the tube wall until it ruptures. Such caustic corrosion failure was observed in one tube from a utility’s boiler. This paper presents the laboratory metallurgical analysis of the failed tube including welds and the process fluids and its effects on the caustic corrosion. The laboratory analysis includes chemical analysis, scale deposit analysis, metallography, and hardness tests.
Oil field operating company’s (1) flowline network in North and West Kuwait (NWK) has over 3000 wells connected through 6” carbon steel pipelines flowing from wellhead to the nearest Gathering Center (GC). Untreated wet crude is transported through the flowlines to GC’s directly or passing through the Remote Headers and Manifold (RHM) to GCs. In RHM, mixing of the wet crude takes place before it is sent to GC’s via transfer lines for further separation. The flowlines are laid aboveground except at road crossings where they are buried.
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