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The unavailability of coal fired electrical generating capacity is often attributable to corrosion in steam generators. Electricity demand grows faster than new plants come online, forcing greater use of old plants. Identifying such problems requires proper inspection tools and techniques to take the guesswork out of whether boiler tubes should be repaired or replaced.
The unavailability of coal fired electrical generating capacity when needed is often attributable to corrosion in steam generators. Such problems are becoming more widespread as electricity demand grows faster than new plants come online, forcing greater use of old plants. Identifying such corrosion problems before they force boiler shutdowns requires proper inspection tools and techniques. These enable inspectors to take the guesswork out of whether boiler tubes should be repaired or replaced.
Keywords: boiler inspection tools, boiler inspection techniques, NDE, corrosion, boiler tubes, steam generators.
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Failure analysis methodology is applied to the principal mechanisms by which boiler tubes fail during service. sThe failure analysis procedure, or methodology for evaluation, is provided in a step by step approach. Among the case histories discussed are: fatigue, erosion, short-term overheating, and hydrogen damage.
Under-deposit corrosion is a common mode of failure in boiler tubes. Mechanisms include phosphate attack, caustic gouging, hydrogen damage, and wall thinning due to metal loss. Many aspects of these mechanisms and their mitigation are well-understood, while certain specific details remain uncertain or subject to controversy.