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A convenient protocol for screening the potential efficacy of scale inhibitors is described. All of the techniques used require relatively inexpensive equipment. Two types of scale are addressed in this paper, calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate, but the general procedures are expected to be applicable to inhibitor screening for others as well.
A convenient protocol for screening the potential efficacy of scale inhibitors is described. All of the techniques used require relatively inexpensive equipment. Two types of scale are addressed in this paper, calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate, but the general procedures are expected to be applicable to inhibitor screening for others as well. The screening tests used include a turbidity/light scattering method that requires only a simple spectrophotometer. Another simple measurement was the hot surface deposition of scale formed in situ from hot solutions utilizing heating elements with matched heat fluxes. In addition, it was found that conventional optical microscopy can provide valuable information concerning the ability of scale inhibitor candidates to disrupt nascent crystal symmetry and generate particulate geometries that are amenable to dispersion (rather than surface deposition). These experimentally convenient procedures provide information that is of value in assessing the potential of various chemical moieties to inhibit harmful scale and/or deposition development.
Keywords: scale, calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate, spectrophotometers, crystal growth inhibition, microscopy
A novel evaluation technique, based on an artificial pit electrode, has been developed for inhibitor studies. The first example is of three generic inhibitors, against localised corrosion. The second is of three industrial inhibitors against existing localised corrosion on a north sea production platform
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Results of inhibitor performance at slug flow in a 101.6 mm inner diameter horizontal pipeline. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electrom microscope (SEM) techniques are used to reveal that the strong bubble impact, high shear stress and turbulent intensity are the reasons for a poor performance of inhibitor.
In many service applications excursions in solution chemistry, temporary loss of inhibitor, or transient increases in temperature may give rise to localised corrosion. To test the return of inhibition when the loss is remedied, the use of an artificial pit has been investigated using simulations of cooling water and of of oil production formation water.