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01213 EFFECTS OF METALLURGICAL FACTORS AND

Picture for 01213 EFFECTS OF METALLURGICAL FACTORS AND TEST
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Product Number: 51300-01213-SG
ISBN: 01213 2001 CP
Author: T. Kushida, K. Nose, H. Asahi, M. Kimura, Y. Yamane, S. Endo, and H. Kawano
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Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in near neutral pH conditions have been investigated by using notched specimens of some pipeline steels, whose strength grades cover American Petroleum Institute (API) specification 5L B to X80. These steels were manufactured by quenching and tempering (QT), thermomechanical-controlled processing (TMCP), or controlled rolling (CR). The SCC resistance of these pipeline steels were rated as follows:- X65QT was most resistant to SCC. X65TMCP and X80TMCP were also resistant, although they were more susceptible to SCC than X65QT. On the other hand, 5L B and X65CR were susceptible to SCC. 5L B was most susceptible among them. The microstructures of TMCP and QT steels were bainitic ferrite and / or bainite, while those of CR and 5L B steels were ferrite-pearlite. It can be proven that uniform microstructures, such as bainitic ferrite or bainite, are more resistant to SCC than mixed microstructures of ferrite and pearlite. Effects of test conditions on SCC, hydrogen permeation, polarization and others have also been investigated. The results of this study are consistent with a hydrogen embrittlement mechanism for SCC, although sufficient information were not obtained to prove this relationship. Keywords: near neutral pH SCC, pipeline, carbon steels, microstructures, bainitic ferrite, bainite, ferrite-pearlite, thermomechanical-controlled processing (TMCP), controlled rolling (CR), quenching and tempering (QT)
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in near neutral pH conditions have been investigated by using notched specimens of some pipeline steels, whose strength grades cover American Petroleum Institute (API) specification 5L B to X80. These steels were manufactured by quenching and tempering (QT), thermomechanical-controlled processing (TMCP), or controlled rolling (CR). The SCC resistance of these pipeline steels were rated as follows:- X65QT was most resistant to SCC. X65TMCP and X80TMCP were also resistant, although they were more susceptible to SCC than X65QT. On the other hand, 5L B and X65CR were susceptible to SCC. 5L B was most susceptible among them. The microstructures of TMCP and QT steels were bainitic ferrite and / or bainite, while those of CR and 5L B steels were ferrite-pearlite. It can be proven that uniform microstructures, such as bainitic ferrite or bainite, are more resistant to SCC than mixed microstructures of ferrite and pearlite. Effects of test conditions on SCC, hydrogen permeation, polarization and others have also been investigated. The results of this study are consistent with a hydrogen embrittlement mechanism for SCC, although sufficient information were not obtained to prove this relationship. Keywords: near neutral pH SCC, pipeline, carbon steels, microstructures, bainitic ferrite, bainite, ferrite-pearlite, thermomechanical-controlled processing (TMCP), controlled rolling (CR), quenching and tempering (QT)
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ISBN: 99429 1999 CP
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Sulfide Stress Cracking Test of TMCP Pipeline Steels in NACE MR0175 Region 3 Conditions

Product Number: 51320-14446-SG
Author: Xin Yue, Weiji Huang, Andrew J. Wasson, Jamey A. Fenske, Timothy D. Anderson, Brian D. Newbury, Doug P. Fairchild
Publication Date: 2020
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Steel pipelines are sometimes subjected to demanding sour environments resulting from the presence of high H2S contents. Pipeline materials, therefore, must be resilient against sulfide stress cracking (SSC) which is caused by H2S. Beginning in the 1980s, thermo-mechanically controlled processed (TMCP) steels have been widely used for the manufacturing of large-diameter sour service pipelines. The failure of the Kashagan pipelines in 2013 raised concern regarding the use of TMCP steels in sour environments. These concerns arise from the potential for local hard zones (LHZs) to be produced on the surface of the line pipe during TMCP processes, ultimately leading to through-wall SSC failures. In the present study, several X60 - X65 TMCP steels (both with and without LHZs) have been tested under different Region 3 (R3) conditions in the NACE MR0175/ISO15156-2 pH-H2S partial pressure diagram. It can be concluded that the presence of LHZs increases TMCP steels’ sour cracking susceptibility; however, TMCP steels without LHZs pass the SSC tests at even the most severe R3 environments. Traditional HRC or HV10 testing are not able to detect LHZs, and so lower load HV 0.5 or HV 0.1 tests are necessary. For TMCP steels, the current R3 may be further divided into R3-a and R3-b sub-regions. The sour cracking severity of R3-a is less than that of R3-b. Additional actions, like enhanced mill qualification of the TMCP plate, should be considered to ensure that no LHZs exist in steels to be utilized in R3-b environments.  
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