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99600 OBSERVATIONS OF DAMAGE MODES AS A FUNCTION OF MICROSTRUCTURE DURING NACE TM0177-96 TENSILE TESTING OF API 5L GRADE X60 LINEPIPE STEELS

Picture for 99600 OBSERVATIONS OF DAMAGE MODES AS A FUNCTION
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Product Number: 51300-99600-SG
ISBN: 99600 1999 CP
Author: A.D.B. Gingell and X. Garat
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The mechanisms of sulfide stress cracking (SSC) of grade X60 Iinepipe steels produced by thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) have been investigated by applying acoustic emission testing to the NACE TM0177-96 method A tensile test. This method enables the interruption of the test before failure, allowing the observation of the development of subcritical damage as a function of microstructure. The results are interpreted in terms of a correlation between local ftilure mode and microstructural features, with cracking obeying the kinetics described by acoustic emission. Apart from the successful application of acoustic emission testing to the NACE TM0177-96 method A tensile test, this test method has also been shown to reveal Stress-Oriented Hydrogen Induced Cracking (SOHIC) in susceptible microstructure.
The mechanisms of sulfide stress cracking (SSC) of grade X60 Iinepipe steels produced by thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) have been investigated by applying acoustic emission testing to the NACE TM0177-96 method A tensile test. This method enables the interruption of the test before failure, allowing the observation of the development of subcritical damage as a function of microstructure. The results are interpreted in terms of a correlation between local ftilure mode and microstructural features, with cracking obeying the kinetics described by acoustic emission. Apart from the successful application of acoustic emission testing to the NACE TM0177-96 method A tensile test, this test method has also been shown to reveal Stress-Oriented Hydrogen Induced Cracking (SOHIC) in susceptible microstructure.
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Sulfide Stress Cracking Test of TMCP Pipeline Steels in NACE MR0175 Region 3 Conditions

Product Number: 51320-14446-SG
Author: Xin Yue, Weiji Huang, Andrew J. Wasson, Jamey A. Fenske, Timothy D. Anderson, Brian D. Newbury, Doug P. Fairchild
Publication Date: 2020
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Steel pipelines are sometimes subjected to demanding sour environments resulting from the presence of high H2S contents. Pipeline materials, therefore, must be resilient against sulfide stress cracking (SSC) which is caused by H2S. Beginning in the 1980s, thermo-mechanically controlled processed (TMCP) steels have been widely used for the manufacturing of large-diameter sour service pipelines. The failure of the Kashagan pipelines in 2013 raised concern regarding the use of TMCP steels in sour environments. These concerns arise from the potential for local hard zones (LHZs) to be produced on the surface of the line pipe during TMCP processes, ultimately leading to through-wall SSC failures. In the present study, several X60 - X65 TMCP steels (both with and without LHZs) have been tested under different Region 3 (R3) conditions in the NACE MR0175/ISO15156-2 pH-H2S partial pressure diagram. It can be concluded that the presence of LHZs increases TMCP steels’ sour cracking susceptibility; however, TMCP steels without LHZs pass the SSC tests at even the most severe R3 environments. Traditional HRC or HV10 testing are not able to detect LHZs, and so lower load HV 0.5 or HV 0.1 tests are necessary. For TMCP steels, the current R3 may be further divided into R3-a and R3-b sub-regions. The sour cracking severity of R3-a is less than that of R3-b. Additional actions, like enhanced mill qualification of the TMCP plate, should be considered to ensure that no LHZs exist in steels to be utilized in R3-b environments.  
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