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There are several design factors that need to be considered when specifying coatings in water and wastewater concrete structures. Issues include treating surfaces with exposed aggregate, with a low pH, and exposed reinforcing steel. This paper will present three examples of important design considerations based on field experiences that can avert lining performance problems and impacts on a project schedule or budget. Specific examples from a number of projects will be used to illustrate these design considerations.
Concrete is inherently durable – nevertheless, deterioration occurs when subjected to weathering or aggressive environments. For many years, coatings have been applied for aesthetic purposes. In the water and wastewater environment concrete is protected primarily for structural purposes. The increasing use of steel reinforced concrete in modern day construction has led to a growing demand for concrete being structurally protected in all types of industry.
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After 35 years or longer in service, the concrete infrastructure in wastewater collection systems and treatment plants has deteriorated due to various corrosion and physical degradation mechanisms. This paper reviews the major mechanisms that cause deterioration of concrete and protective coatings. Also, examples of infrastructure degradation are presented along with a discussion of the best diagnostic methods for condition assessment of concrete for the various mechanisms.
Liquid-applied protective linings are commonly used to protect concrete structures found within water and wastewater treatment facilities. There are a number of referenced industry standards and guidelines detailing the construction of new concrete, evaluation of existing concrete, and surface preparation of concrete. This paper provides recommendations based on industry standards and related publications, as well as drawn from practical experience for preparing concrete for immersion conditions or chemical containment service in water and wastewater treatment.