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Reviewing literature related to corrosion research brings to light the importance of understanding the mechanisms involved, and how this is essential to aid in development of mathematical models for corrosion prediction. The current research documents possible mechanisms for the dissolution of pure iron in strong acid in a potential range in the potential range of ±50 mV vs. OCP, providing explanations for corrosion engineers and researchers working with mild steel. Prediction of corrosion rate relies on the precise understanding of the anodic and cathodic processes at the metal surface in the potential range close to the OCP.
The goal of the research reported herein was to accomplish a quantitative mechanistic analysis of iron dissolution in strong acid in a potential range in the proximity of its open circuit potential (OCP), leading to articulation of a revised narrative of BDD† mechanism for iron dissolution; additional mechanistic pathways were postulated in addition to the hypothesized mechanisms of BDD and Heusler. Thirty-eight different pathways were investigated here and theoretical Butler-Volmer equations were written for each. The kinetic consequences of each pathway and the corresponding theoretical values of the main kinetic parameters were determined, and the theoretical outcomes were compared to the experimental observations. It was found that in strong acids (pH ≤ 4) in the potential range of ±50 mV vs. OCP, the mechanism of iron dissolution agrees well with three pathways, and all three were explainable within the same framework of BDD mechanism, where the reaction of OH- with iron produces the adsorbed intermediate FeOHads. One single dissolution pathway which corresponds to the conversion of FeOHads to Fe(II)sol is dominant in the potential range adjacent to the OCP. Near OCP the effect of hydrogen reduction was taken into account using the linearity of the cathodic potentiodynamic branch to approximately extract the pure anodic data points from both anodic and cathodic sweeps.
13Cr-5Ni-2Mo type Super Martensitic stainless steels referred to as SMSS-13Cr type grades can provide good general corrosion resistance such as in high CO2 environments combined with higher strengths and excellent toughness2 making them a prospective material choice for long term downhole completion equipment depending on actual well conditions. One of the main limiting factors for the use of SMSS-13Cr type grades is the Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) resistance in presence of H2S in downhole well conditions. Therefore, a good understanding of this behavior is essential to facilitate the material selection process.
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With the increasing global energy demand, the transportation volume of natural gas increases rapidly, and pipeline transportation has become the most commonly used transportation mode of natural gas. Hydrogen is produced as a byproduct of ethylene production from ethane. Hydrogen is flammable and explosive. If it is directly discharged into the atmosphere, there are some safety risks. As a kind of efficient and clean secondary energy, hydrogen can not only avoid energy waste, but also increase economic benefit if it is mixed into natural gas pipeline.
Fouling of equipment surfaces by siliceous salts such as silica, metal silicates,coprecipitated silica with mineral salts such as calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, etc.,is a serious challenge facing the technologists in the efficient operation of industrialsystems. Severe fouling at times results in premature expensive equipment replacement,early shutdown, increase in operating pressure of pumps, and enhance the probability ofcorrosion damage. In many cases, the removal of foulants leads to discontinuousoperation of the system, resulting in higher operating costs. In geothermal applications,siliceous scale typically occurs when brine is cooled in the course of brine handling andenergy extraction.