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Seamless X60QOS and X65QOS line pipes are widely used for offshore and onshore Sour Service applications. Sour Service refers to the risk of hydrogen related cracking as Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC). The International standard (NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156) provides requirements for assessing the resistance to SSC, specifically on how to qualify for use in region 3 of the environmental severity diagram (Figure 1 in paragraph 7.2.1.2 of part 2). It is requested to expose materials in an acid solution saturated by 1 bar of H2S (NACE TM0177 Solution A) and to apply a tensile stress above 80% AYS by means of different methods: uniaxial tensile, C-ring or Four-Points Bend. However, for very sour fields presenting H2S partial pressures much higher than 1 bar, the preservation of the SSC resistance might be questioned and is presently a major concern for the O&G industry.The present paper is dedicated to the evaluation of the SSC resistance of seamless quenched and tempered X65 grades, including the girth weld in the standard NACE TM0177 Solution A up to 15 bar of H2S partial pressure. Corrosion tests consisted of four-point bend tests performed in autoclave vessels. Different test configurations were investigated as specimen sampling locations through the wall thickness and surface state preparation.
H2S corrosion mechanisms, specifically at high partial pressures of H2S (pH2S), have not been extensively studied because of experimental difficulties and associated safety issues. The current study was conducted under well-controlled conditions at pH2S of 0.05 and 0.096 MPa.
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To evaluate the applicability of the tubing steels, the corrosion behavior and stress corrosion cracking of tubing steels (P110S, P110-13Cr and duplex stainless steel 2205) were investigated under different H2S partial pressures and temperature.
The paper summarizes the theoretical and test programs to validate the aluminum cladding solution – developed to overcome sulfide stress corrosion problems in high strength steel armors in H2S/CO2 containing environment.