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Case study for anode grid systems. used for Cathodic Protection of above ground storage tank bottom plates. Technical solutions for arranging the anode grid on large (90 m diameter) tanks are studied and compared in respect to the CP major objective.
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This paper presents examples of anode array arrangements and corresponding attenuation characteristic calculations to enable optimization of current distribution. It also presents examples of return current imbalances and how they may be corrected.
A 3D computer model estimates CP current distribution in congested areas with coated and uncoated buried pipelines, screwpiles, groundwires and copper groundrods. The model enables design and installation of optimal CP systems for the below grade pipelines.
Laboratory and field experiment results show that the soil resistivity is the main influencing factor of the cathodic protection current distribution of horizontal directional drilling. This article also gives a test method for effectiveness of cathodic protection of HDD.
External corrosion of underground pipelines is being controlled by the use of latest technologies in protective coatings and by maintaining adequate levels of cathodic protection (CP). The role of the coating is to act as a physical and dielectric (non-conductive) barrier to isolate from the surrounding electrolyte and to limit the CP current requirement. The protective coating acts as the primary or first line of defense against corrosion; however no coating system is perfect and will subject to degradation with time, in addition to some voids/holidays during application, transport, and operations.
In this paper, the CP current distribution with changing resistivities and the area of influence required to meet effective CP criteria, is studied. The results indicate that the tank pad electrolyte resistivity plays a significant role in achieving uniform CP current distribution. The paper also explores the use of Vapor Corrosion Inhibitor (VCI) and its effect on electrolyte resistivity and the resulting CP current distribution.
There is a long and successful history of using linear anodes to cathodically protect older generation pipelines with aging coatings. The use of linear anodes to address poor cathodic protection distribution has proven to be easier and more cost effective than large scale recoating projects. While the use of linear anodes is common in the United States, there are many similar vintage pipelines in Europe, the Middle East and Asia which struggle with the same challenges and for whom this technology should be of great interest.
Information and test methods available to evaluate the effectiveness of cathodic protection (CP) systems used to protect the steel reinforcement of conventionally reinforced atmospherically exposed concrete structures.