AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'corrosion fatigue'

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07443 Stress Assisted Corrosion in Boiler Tubes - Failure Analysis

Product Number: 51300-07443-SG

ISBN: 07443 2007 CP

Author: Preet M. Singh, Steven J. Pawel, Dong Yang, and Jamshad Mahmood

Publication Date: 2007

$20.00

Stress assisted corrosion (SAC) is a major concern for kraft recovery boilers in the pulp and paper industry. A water leak can cause a smelt-water explosion in the boiler. A number of carbon steel tubes showed a deep decarburized layer on the inner surface (water-touched) and also an unusually large grain size at the inner tube surface.

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51318-11517-The Effect of Corrosion Inhibitors on Corrosion Fatigue under Complex Environmental Conditions

Product Number: 51318-11517-SG

Author: Sarah E Galyon Dorman / Justin Rausch / Jason Niebuhr / Scott Fawaz / Saravanan Arunachalam

Publication Date: 2018

$20.00

This work includes research on the effect environment and corrosion protection systems (chromate coatings) on legacy aluminum alloy UNS A97075 with respect to environmentally assisted fatigue damage.

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An Experimental Method for Environmental Assisted Fatigue of 304L Stainless Steel in Simulated LWR Water

Product Number: ED22-18335-SG

Author: Mustafa Subasic, Jean Smith, Pål Efsing, Martin Bjurman, Mattias Thuvander, Carl Dahlberg, Bo Alfredsson

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Environmental assisted fatigue, also known as corrosion fatigue, is a well-known degradation phenomenon in structural materials that may develop as a consequence of long-time exposure of components to cyclic loads at the presence of an aggressive environment. This phenomenon constitutes an increased environmental risk for fatigue initiation in many industrial applications. One such application is the piping system in a nuclear power plant where the structural material is subjected to an aggressive water environment. Here, the cyclic loads arise from thermal fluctuations and mechanically induced vibrations.

Assessing Environmentally Assisted Cracking Of Structural Alloys In Molten Salts

Product Number: ED22-17120-SG

Author: George Young, Jake Quincey, Andrew Brittan, Pit Shulze, Stella Tsotsos, Lars Parrington, Josef Parrington, Anne Demma, Micah Hackett, Samuel Briggs and Julie D. Tucker

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The potential for structural alloys to undergo environmentally assisted cracking in molten salts is relatively unexplored due to their limited industrial application. However, fluoride salts are of prime interest to many advanced reactors including the Kairos Power FHR reactors. Table I summarizes literature studies of EAC in molten fluoride salts. For the ten studies shown, seven are for Ni-Mo-Cr family of alloys (INOR-8 / Hastelloy N or variants) that were used in the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE), two studies investigate austenitic stainless steels, and there is one report of EAC in oxygen free high conductivity (OFHC) copper.

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Corrosion Fatigue and Chloride-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking in Sulfur Recovery Units

Product Number: 51324-20691-SG

Author: Saud I Al Otaibi; Mohamud Farah

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Sulfur Recovery units (SRUs) are widely used in the oil and gas industry to recover sulfur from refined products and acid gas waste from the natural gas process. This involves routing acid gas rich in hydrogen sulfide through a reaction furnace to produce molten sulfur in a thermal Claus reaction. Central to the operation of the SRUs is the Sulfur storage pit, which is an underground high depth structure used to temporarily store sulfur product before shipment. Sulfur pits contain a range of critical equipment and piping, such as sulfur product pumps and steam coils.The pumps are crucial for shipping the sulfur product, while the steam coils are used for maintaining the molten sulfur temperature between 270-280 °F to prevent solidification and higher sulfur viscosity. Consequently, any impact to the integrity of this equipment impacts the unit’s operational efficiency or worse, leads to total unit shutdown. This equipment is susceptible to a range of damage mechanisms resulting from both operational conditions, such as sulfuric acid corrosion and environmental cracking, resulting from steam leakage and ground water seepage respectively. This paper investigates sulfuric acid corrosion and corrosion fatigue — in sulfur pumps — resulting from the synergistic effects of both dynamic loading and chloride-induced pitting corrosion. The steam coils in the pit were also found to suffer from both sulfuric acid corrosion and chloride stress corrosion cracking. These damage mechanisms were determined following extensive metallurgical analysis of samples recovered from the pit. Furthemore, laboratory compositional analysis from various samples collected from the pumps and the pits showed significant quantity of sodium chloride, resulting from ground water ingress alongside corrosion, and cementitious products, such as iron sulfide, quartz – SiO2 and iron sulfate. These findings, alongside sample results of the post-inspection findings for the sulfur recovery unit pit and equipment, will be highlighted and discussed. Effective mitigations, including the use of permanent dewatering, will also be discussed.

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Corrosion Fatigue Of X80 Weld In Mild Sour Environment

Product Number: 51322-17778-SG

Author: Laurent Ladeuille, Richard Jones, Yifei Zeng, Xin Yue, Chih-Hsiang Kuo, Florian Thébault, Grégory Toguyeni

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Pipelines and rigid risers made in conventional X65 grade require large wall thickness to withstand the high loads imposed during installation and under operating conditions in deep and ultra-deepwater field developments. The use of high-strength steels like X80 is an attractive alternative since it improves catenary weight by reducing wall thickness.

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Corrosion Fatigue Performance of Materials in Delayed Cokers and Coker Blowdown Piping System

Product Number: 51324-20618-SG

Author: Haixia Guo; Millar Iverson; Simon Yuen; Sudeep Bohra; Liu Cao

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Very often the current body of knowledge and literature of fatigue performance in coke drums and blowdown piping system are linked to fatigue testing performed in air or in water. This paper summarizes the test results that were conducted using process fluids collected from a delayed coker. Both fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) tests and stress/strain – cycle fatigue endurance tests in sour water at 200°F (93°C) or in a hot oil mix at 460°F (238°C), with gas mixture containing H2S were conducted. Carbon steel, Alloy 625 and their corresponding weld metal specimens were tested. The test results indicate remarkable impact of environment on fatigue behavior. Frequency scanning FCGR tests in sour water environment showed that FCGR increased with decreasing load frequency, particularly with high ?K (32 ksi·vin or 35 MPa·vm ). When ?K was between 12 ksi·vin (13MPa·vm) and 36 ksi·vin (40 MPa·vm), FCGR of all specimens in sour water are higher than the mean + 2 SD (Standard Deviation) curve of carbon steel in air. Fatigue endurance tests in both sour water and hot oil environments showed various ranges of knock-down factors compared to test results in air. This testing program provides a better definition of the corrosion fatigue cracking mechanism of materials in delayed coker process. It also helps in the inspection planning of delayed coker equipment and in decisions on material selection.

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Development of Sucker Rods for Aggressive Environments

Product Number: 51317--8944-SG

ISBN: 8944 2017 CP

Author: Martin Buhler

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

A Cr-Mo-B-Ti low alloyed steel, with a special quenched and tempered heat treatment, was designed. Corrosion fatigue resistance of the new material was evaluated at lab scale. Field tests are being carried out in 26 wells where sucker rods had failed for years.

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Effect of Complex Deformation on Corrosion Fatigue and Stress Corrosion Cracking of 304/304L Stainless Steel Elbows in Aerated and Deaerated Water

Product Number: ED22-17115-SG

Author: William C. Moshier, Kevin B. Fisher, Justin R. Hesterberg, and Denise J. Par

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) growth in 300-series stainless steels (SS) exposed to high temperature water is known to generally increase with increasing levels of cold work. The influence of cold work on SCC has been reported for both oxygenated boiling water reactor (BWR) normal water chemistry as well as for hydrogenated pressurized water reactor (PWR) water chemistry.

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Electrochemical Crack Size Effect in Stress Corrosion Cracking and Corrosion Fatigue

Product Number: 51317--8853-SG

ISBN: 8853 2017 CP

Author: Alan Turnbull

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

The growth rate of small and long stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue cracks in 12Cr steam turbine blade steels in low conductivity water containing 35 ppm Cl- (simulating upset steam condensate chemistry) showed a significant dependence on crack size for the same mechanical driving force.

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Fatigue Loading of Test Specimens with Galvanically Induced Corrosion Damage Provides New Insight to Guide Fracture Mechanics Modeling

Product Number: 51324-20989-SG

Author: Thomas Curtin; Sharon Mellings; Ivan Karayan; Robert Adey; Joe Indeck

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Airframe structural components commonly experience galvanic damage at dissimilar metal connections following deterioration of insulating sealants or breakdown in coating protection systems. Of particular concern is the often-hidden corrosion damage that occurs inside fastener holes. Aggressive electrolytes can develop in these occluded spaces leading to the formation of multiple crack initiation sites and a compromise in the structural integrity of the component. To investigate this type of damage, laboratory testing was undertaken to evaluate fatigue life in AA 7075-T651 dog-bone specimens that included side holes fitted with CFRP inserts. The CFRP insert was used to introduce galvanic damage under thin film atmospheric corrosion conditions but removed prior to actual fatigue testing. Fatigue tests were conducted under constant amplitude loading, at R-ratios of 0.05, 0.6, and 0.89, in both air and 4.5M NaCl solution. Using a three-dimensional, fatigue crack growth (FCG) program, BEASY, complex crack propagation path evolution, and transition from surface flaw to through-crack was accurately represented. By selecting appropriate crack growth kinetics, the environmental effects on fatigue life were quantitatively determined for different modeling scenarios. Fractographic images of crack initiating features (corrosion pits, constituent particle clusters) were used to guide the location and sizing of initial flaws. Fatigue crack growth kinetic data, collected in both air and NaCl solution, was used to drive crack growth simulations. Modeling scenarios included the propagation of both single dominant flaws and multiple interacting flaws; the FCG life was evaluated for each case. This modeling work provides new insight for understanding how advanced fracture mechanics modeling capability can be used to improve life prediction of corroded components.

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Investigation of the Corrosion Performance of Stainless Steel and Low Alloy Steel Sucker Rod Materials in Aggressive Environments

Product Number: 51320-14321-SG

Author: Aleksey Shakhmatov, Oscar Martinez, Robert Badrak, Sergey Kolesov, Rodrigo Barreto, William Howie

Publication Date: 2020

$20.00

The corrosion resistance of sucker rod materials can be a significant concern, especially in aggressive service environments with high acid gas concentrations. Corrosion-related failures have been associated with increased levels of produced hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The presence of corrosion damage, which is characterized by local material dissolution and pitting formation under the influence of CO2 and/or H2S, provides the initiation sites in a fatigue cracking mechanism. The fatigue crack propagation in corrosion aggressive environments is associated with the following factors: (1) local tensile stress concentration at crack tip, and (2) local corrosion dissolution. Therefore, using a material that tends to re-passivate as it interacts with the environment would be the optimum solution in order to mitigate the likelihood of field failures and reduce overall operating costs. Regarding passive film disruption processes abrasion and high temperature influences were not considered at this stage of the present study and repassivation kinetics were not measured. Conventional sucker rod production processes include normalize and temper (N&T) or quench and temper (Q&T) heat treatments to meet desired strength levels of low alloy steels. In order to enhance the corrosion properties and provide a resistant sucker rod solution, 13Cr martensitic stainless steel may provide a viable alternative to low alloys steels. This paper focuses on the characterization of 13Cr sucker rod material by comparing the general corrosion and corrosion fatigue performance with low-alloy steels.

Products tagged with 'corrosion fatigue'

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