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The performance of coatings applied to cementitious building walls is a function of both the coating itself and the integrity of the building wall assembly.
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This paper provides a real case study in regard to controlling the welding repair rate and NDT backlog in a company mega-project assigned to a new contractor. This case study shows the improvements in both KPIs, through the utilization of various quality and improvement tools, such as root cause analysis (Fishbone and Pareto chart), brainstorming, and PDCA cycle. The collaborative efforts between the client and contractor, including the welding and NDT subcontractors, resulted in reducing the WRR from 11.04% to below 5% (the set KPI). The NDT backlog was also controlled and reduced from 2500 joints to below 600 joints (less than one week production).
Self-healing coatings have been promising due to their automatic recovering functions, which can extend the coating lifetime with lower maintenance costs. One of the most effective strategies to achieve self-healing property is to encapsulate healing agents inside microcapsules and integrate the microcapsules into the coating matrix.
This paper will explore the process of conducting asset integrity management systems and the potential use for the existing facility data to analyze integrity status and predict any breach of integrity that would cause a direct major incident. In the dawn of the 4th industrial revolution and in the age of automation and artificial intelligence, asset integrity management systems are being integrated into a more sophisticated process of verification. Programs are being used to collect necessary risk-based data from inspection, maintenance programs and operational checklists in order to rationalize the integrity status and alert proponents of possible breach of integrity. These systems are more efficient than humans in predicting possible failures based on collective data from several critical elements from a facility and calculate the probability of failure based on the current integrity status. It is possible to optimize such systems to eliminate the human error factor and optimize inspection, maintenance and operation programs to better manage asset integrity. The result would be a software that would provide an overview of the plant’s integrity status and provide early alerts of any incoming incident event which allows the facility’s management to act accordingly and direct resources for effective prevention and mitigation.
By far, the microbiological species most associated with corrosion has been Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB). Majority of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) research has focused on the activities of this type of bacteria. One of the primary reasons for this has been the presence of iron sulfides in corrosion products associated with MIC. SRB reduce sulfates to sulfides, which then react with iron and steel. However, an accepted fact is that MIC is also caused by the action of the biofilm produced by bacteria, in a similar way to under-deposit corrosion.
The primary method used to prevent MIC in the oil and gas industry is by use of biocides. The criteria used for selection of biocides is often their proficiency to kill SRB. The danger with this is that one can neglect the ability of other bacteria frequently found in oil and gas environment, such as general aerobes and general anaerobes to cause corrosion by biofilm production. This became evident when severe general & pitting corrosion was observed in two oil and gas separators in one of the facilities in Kuwait Oil Company (KOC), where SRB levels were zero but significant numbers of sessile and planktonic general aerobes and general anaerobes were found to be present in the process.
Using microbiological and chemical analysis, the mechanism of this type of MIC, specially the relationship between the quantity of various biofilm-forming bacteria and nature and magnitude of corrosion has been studied and the findings are presented in this paper.
This standard is presented for the use of metallic corrosion coupons in hydrocarbon production and processing facilities, including but not limited to drilling, production, and transportation operations on land, onshore and offshore. Hydrocarbon operations handle fluids including but not limited to oil, water, gas, condensate, and drilling fluids.
Population growth in city centers has spurred the expansion and new construction of direct current (DC) powered transit systems throughout the world1. Despite stringent design criteria, quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) monitored construction practices and ongoing track maintenance, it is a fact that DC stray current will eventually occur and negatively impact buried and/or submerged metallic structures immediately adjacent and within the transit right-of-way (ROW)2. In combination with other methods to reduce stray current such as high track-to-earth (TTE) resistance values and shorter distances between substations, transit agencies are specifying the welding of reinforced steel structures within their purview such as retaining walls and footings, approach slabs, aerial inverts, and bridge abutments to prevent stray current from reducing the design life of surrounding metallicstructures.