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Supercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR) is an innovative Generation IV nuclear reactor. Nickel-based alloys, such as UNS N06625, UNS R20033 and UNS N07214 alloys, are selected for the fuel cladding. Knowledge gaps exist as regards their use for the fuel cladding in the SCWR. This paper introduces laboratory results on corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of the nickel-based alloys.
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In recent decades, the increasing demand of conventional fossil fuel-derived energy and products leads to excessive greenhouse gas emissions. The intensifying environmental awareness and lack of supply in fossil fuel resources has expedited research for finding sustainable, energy secured and environmental-friendly alternatives. Among all the sources, biomass such as wood chips, agricultural crops and wastes, municipal and animal wastes, and specially engineered aquatic plants are commonly considered as potential sources to replace fossil fuels or chemical feedstocks.
Molten chloride salts are one of the leading candidates for heat transfer fluids and thermal energy storage for generation IV Molten Salt Reactors (MSRs). These chloride salts demonstrate many favorable properties such as low melting temperatures, high boiling points, high heat capacity, and low vapor pressure at higher temperatures. Ternary chlorides such as NaCl-KCl-MgCl2 used in this study are particularly attractive due to their lower melting points and high decomposition temperatures.
Precipitation hardened (PH) Ni-based alloys have been utilized in oil and gas industry for decades. Among them, UNS1 N07718 because of its performance in sour wellbore fluids and in hydrogen charging environments has received the most attention for multiple upstream applications such as tubing hangers, production stab, multi-phase flow meter bodies, valve stems, etc. It has been reported that the alloy performance is generally acceptable for many applications up to 175 °C (350 °F) – 204 °C (400 °F) in the exposed wellbore environments such as sour production fluid, completion brine, and depending on metallurgical processing and microstructure externally exposed to SWCP at the seabed temperature.
Precipitation-hardened nickel-based alloys have been used for decades in the oil and gas industry. Among these alloys, UNS1 N07718 has received the most attention for use in upstream applications such as tubing hangers, production stab plate, multiphase flowmeter bodies, and valve stems because of its performance in sour wellbore fluids (SWFs) and hydrogen-charging environments.
Cesium formate (CsFo) brines have been used as the drilling and/or completion fluids in oil and gas wells in need of high-density fluids.1,2 Multiple studies on corrosion of steels and corrosion resistance alloys (CRA) in formate environments have been reported in the literature.2-8 It was known that the formate brines could undergo significant decomposition to form hydrogen when in contact with catalytic surfaces which CRA can act as. Therefore, there have been concerns that the CRA may catalyze the decomposition of formate brines to accelerate the generation of hydrogen which in turn may embrittle certain CRAs and endanger the relevant well equipment.
Up until the 1940s, typical furnace tube materials consisted of wrought chromium steels and austenitic stainless steels. But the low carbon content led to increased creep.
Technical and quality assurance guidelines for handling and installing nickel-base alloy, stainless steel, and titanium linings in air pollution control equipment (e.g., FGD systems, ducts, and stacks). Historical Document 1992
Technical and quality assurance guidelines for handling and installing nickel-base alloy, stainless steel, and titanium linings in air pollution control equipment (e.g., FGD systems, ducts, and stacks). Historical Document