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Because of its hardness, dimensional tolerance and resistance to hydrogen, cadmium plating has been used to protect steel components in marine environments. However, Cadmium is thought to be toxic and a search is on for an alternative. In this paper, cadmium and zinc-nickel plating/coating were compared in water immersion, temperature cycling, rain, humidity, and salt fog testing.
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Field experience was studied to identify the best solutions to Localized corrosion of 316 stainless steel instrument and chemical injection tubing in marine environment. Laboratory tests and exposure in marine environment of samples have been used to evaluate possible alternative materials and protective chemicals.
In this work, the open circuit potential of different stainless steel grades as well as nickel based and copper based alloys has been systematically measured in seawater under different experimental conditions. In particular the effect of temperature, oxygen content and chlorination level have been studied.
Requirements for corrosion protection for new large offshore wind farms are extended to 25 years’ maintenance-free service lifetime. Therefore, ISO 12944 is being updated. To bring down construction cost for offshore wind, initiatives have been taken to industrialize the coating application process and use standard components.
Electrochemical test methods including open-circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, and zero-resistance ammetry were used for corrosion investigation of UNS C69100 in a 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride aqueous solution, with optical and scanning electron microscopy.
An experimental protocol including in situ potentiostat and quasi-static tensile tests to provide an improved understanding of the corrosion behavior of UNS G10210 steel. A local-global finite element method has been proposed to model a steel plate at a ship compartment scale under uniaxial quasi-static tensile/compressive loading.
This paper discusses options available to rehabilitate, extend the service life and strengthen damaged columns and piles in marine environments.
To explore the damage tolerance of as thermally sprayed aluminium (TSA), a coated carbon steel bar with damage was exposed to synthetic seawater. TSA is capable of polarising the steel bar even with 90% of steel surface exposed.
The corrosion products on samples from 31 stations (0.1 to 21 miles from the ocean) were analyzed using XRD to observe the intensities and peaks related to akaganeite, goethite, lepidocrocite and hematite products.
This standard is for use by those responsible for the management of marine structures. They will be able to use it to establish the minimum requirements of the Site-Applied Wrap Corrosion Protection Systems they are considering for the protection of the submerged zone and splash zone of shore based marine metallic structures, either at the pointof new construction or during refurbishment or maintenance of existing structures. This standard is not intended to provide the minimum requirements for offshore oil and gas platforms and other similar structures of the offshore oil and gas industry. This standard may be used to provide the minimum requirements for estuarine, paludal, riverine, great lake structures or similar. The Site-Applied Wrap Corrosion Protection Systems in accordance with this standard are considered suitable for further protection by means of cathodic protection.
Hydraulic and instrumentation (H&I) systems are vital parts and usually massive installations on any land-based or offshore site. They consist of several kilometres of high-quality stainless steel, nickel base or copper alloy tubing with strict dimensional tolerances and hardness values. The tubes are connected using hundreds of fittings, each precision made and expensive.