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To analyse the influence of a non-corrosive hydrocarbon liquid phase with respect to CO2-corrosion in pipe flow and increase the understanding of use of natural inhibitors in the hydrocarbon liquid phase, an experimental study of corrosion and water distribution on the pipe wall has been carried out.
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In an effort to increase the knowledge of the cleaning efficiency of typical pig designs at removing sludge and debris from pre-existing corrosion pits, a novel test setup and method has been devised.
Vacuum Distillation is a key aspect of the petroleum refining process. When fouled with heavy residuum, the efficiency declines. Here, the benefits and limitations of mechanical steam out and high-pressure water blasting versus vapour phase chemical cleaning of these units is discussed.
This AMPP technical report describes the current state of protecting the interiors of tank cars transporting crude oil. This report is intended for and will benefit all stakeholders involved in the protection of tank cars transporting crude oil, including large fleet tank car owners, crude oil coating suppliers, tank car coating applicators, and crude oil shippers. The current state of protecting the interiors of tank cars transporting crude oil was developed by conducting surveys of various stakeholders. This report summarizes the survey results.
The crude oil produced by fracking or hydraulic fracturing method are high in sulfur content (0.5%)1. The vast majority of vessels that are used in the petrochemical industry to store and transport materials are constructed using Carbon steel. Coating linings used for corrosion protection inside of vessels and tanks must perform under severe conditions such as an exposure to corrosive gasses ( H2S) and carbon dioxide as well as high temperatures, high pressures and often must withstand the cold wall effect and rapid decompression.
M. B. Kermani pointed out that 25% of equipment failures in the oil and gas industry are caused by corrosion, and more than half of corrosion events are related to produced fluids containing CO2 and H2S. In recent years, the exploitation of sour oil and gas fields (containing H2S or H2S/CO2 mixture) has become more and more common, and prominent problems such as tubing ruptures caused by pitting and uniform corrosion have appeared. In oil fields containing CO2 and H2S, local corrosion is a key factor restricting the selection of tubing and casing materials. In an oilfield containing CO2 and H2S in the Middle East, the authors corroded coupons on site, and carried out indoor simulation experiments for the problems found in the field test. The authors systematically studied 13Cr, S13Cr, 22Cr, 25Cr and 2550 in the presence of H2S, CO2 and high mineralization.
In the literature, corrosion problems associated with crude oil are often categorized into several classes, based on the type of equipment and “distance” from a well. The upstream operations (drilling, pumping) transport crude oil mixed with significant amounts of water and gasses, midstream operations (transport and storage before refining) deals with much drier crude with most of the water and gasses removed and upstream corrosion problems are mostly caused by chemical composition of given specific fraction and high temperature. Corrosion problems in midstream operations are usually not as severe as during drilling and initial transport, however, this step is significantly longer.
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) for engineers, designers and consultants involved in the design, maintenance, and rehabilitation of underground petroleum (including gas, crude oil, and refinery products) pipelines.
This standard presents recommended practices for the control of internal corrosion in steel pipelines and piping systems used to gather, transport, or distribute crude oil, petroleum products, or gas. It is meant to serve as a guide for establishing minimum requirements for control of internal corrosion in crude oil gathering and flow lines, crude oil transmission, hydrocarbon products, gas gathering and flow lines, gas transmission, and gas distribution.
Procedures and practices for effective control of internal corrosion in steel pipe and piping systems in crude oil, refined products, and gas service.
Fouling and corrosion of heat exchangers poses a challenge for oil and gas operators. Here we describe recent efforts to develop and deploy thin, sol-gel-derived coatings to mitigate fouling and promote continuous operation of exchangers without compromising heat transfer efficiency.