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In recent years the oil and gas industry has made significant commitments to carbon reduction.1 Aligned with the goal of decreasing carbon emissions the authors have developed a corrosion inhibitor (CI-1) that is intended to protect scCO2 systems that are wet or water contaminated (1000 ppm).2 The development and composition of this corrosion inhibitor (CI) for dry scCO2 is reported elsewhere.2,3 While chemical companies have been treating high water cut, production enhanced, CO2 floods (i.e. enhanced oil recovery [EOR]) for several decades there were no inhibitors designed specifically for CO2 disposal systems or wet scCO2 systems producing CO2 for sale.4
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Operators have used a variety of strategies to maximize oil well productivity. One such technology is matrix acidizing, which is intended to boost fluid output by improving the drainage efficiency of the reservoir rock surrounding the wellbore [1]. It comprises injecting a strong acid solution into an oil well in order to dissolve and remove formation damage caused by drilling and completion operations, as well as to establish new production paths in production formations [1].
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) corrosion of carbon steel (sweet gas corrosion) poses a serious problem in oil and gas production, since most used materials are low alloyed carbon steels, which are not corrosion resistant. Basically, the main aspects of CO2 corrosion are well known today, and the parameters are temperature, CO2 partial pressure, pH value, and flow velocity [1-2]. CO2 dissolves in brine to form an acidic solution that corrodes carbon steel equipment.
Recommended corrosion inhibitor (CI) testing methods and interpretation to assure proper execution of a test program. Associated guidance for CI test program definition testing and management to ensure and improve the integrity of carbon steels applications in our Industry.
Among the techniques disseminated in the industry to protect carbon steel pipelines against internal corrosion, the use of corrosion inhibitors (CIs) is one of the most common. Organic compounds containing nitrogen are commonly employed in the petroleum industry to decrease corrosion rates. The high inhibition efficiency can be attributed to adsorption capacity on the metallic surface, creating a protective film that interferes with the electrochemical reactions involved in the corrosion processes.
In oil and gas industry, during the transportation of wet gas with a stratified flow regime, the temperature difference between the fluid inside the pipelines and the surrounding environment leads to condensation of water on the upper internal surface and causes metal degradation. This phenomenon is known as Top-of-the-Line Corrosion or TLC.
The condensing phases can consist of not only water but also condensable hydrocarbons.
CO2 corrosion of the internal walls of mild steel pipelines has always been a significant problem in the oil and gas industries. Different methods have been implemented to mitigate internal pipeline corrosion. The use of corrosion inhibitors provides advantages compared to other mitigation techniques as inhibitor treatment costs are seen to be lower and can be easily adjusted over time.
Localized corrosion is known as the most dangerous and unpredictable corrosion mechanisms found in hydrocarbon production and transmission systems. This mode of corrosion has the potential to cause serious financial loss, environmental damage, production interruption, and even loss of life. Over the years, corrosion engineers have made significant improvements on prediction and mitigation techniques to extend the lifespan of carbon steel pipelines, such as using of corrosion inhibitors; injection of such chemicals has proven to be effective and economic, making them a first choice over other alternatives
Mechanistic information was obtained employing such electrochemical techniques as linear polarization, electrochemical frequency modulation and potentiodynamic polarization while using a rotating cylinder electrode system under CO2 corrosion conditions.
Corrosion inhibition programs used on drilling rigs in different areas. Field tests evaluations of corrosion control of drill pipe, casing, and steel components in contact with various drilling fluids.