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Results of inhibitor performance at slug flow in a 101.6 mm inner diameter horizontal pipeline. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electrom microscope (SEM) techniques are used to reveal that the strong bubble impact, high shear stress and turbulent intensity are the reasons for a poor performance of inhibitor.
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Can carbon steel be adequately protected from corrosion by use of corrosion inhibitors due to the high CO2 concentration? A project to identify the best commercial corrosion inhibitor by conducting a series of performance evaluation tests.
Very thick polyurethane coatings are used to provide corrosion protection for water pipelines that must be placed below ground and then may be exposed to ground water. Occasionally there are construction delays and pipe sections remain above ground for extended periods before installation. Under these conditions, atmospheric conditions and exposure to solar UV light cause the coatings to lose gloss and become yellow. These changes can be very obvious and thus raise concerns that the corrosion protective qualities of the coating have also similarly diminished.
Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) organic coatings have been widely used in the oil and gas industry for more than 50 years for internal and external pipeline applications, as they have been proven to efficiently provide good pipeline corrosion protection for many years. As demand for oil increases leading oil and gas companies to expand operations and venture into fields and depths more severe than ever before, there is an expectation for FBE coatings to also evolve in order to meet these new corrosion challenges[1]. One main challenge in the selection of FBE coatings, is the qualification of organic coatings that can handle sweet and sour services at high pressures in NaCl and MEG media [2].
Corrosion inhibitors (CI) are typically evaluated using either short-term electrochemical methods or long-term weight loss methods in laboratory set up. Although electrochemical methods provide fast and real-time corrosion information, corrosion subject matter experts, in general, rely on long term weight loss methods to determine localized corrosion information. These long-term methods include exposure of the metal coupon in a corrosive media under specific field conditions/parameters such as temperature, pressure, wall shear stress, corrosive gas species and test length in the presence of corrosion inhibitor active(s).
Self-healing coatings have been promising due to their automatic recovering functions, which can extend the coating lifetime with lower maintenance costs. One of the most effective strategies to achieve self-healing property is to encapsulate healing agents inside microcapsules and integrate the microcapsules into the coating matrix.
Coatings are applied to steel elements exposed in natural waters to mitigate the deleterious effects of naturally occurring physical-, chemical-, and biodegradation processes. Degradation of steel submerged in natural waters can occur due to corrosion and marine fouling. Recent findings indicated that there are synergistic effects of surface fouling to facilitate biocorrosion.
The paper reports about the results of laboratory investigations on edges prepared with different tools and painted with different coating systems for applications in water ballast tanks. The laboratory test scenarios were already described in a presentation delivered at PACE 2010, and this paper is the second part of that presentation.
Substrate preparation which includes the removal of contaminates, abrading or etching to create a surface profile via mechanical or chemical methods have a major impact on the adhesion performance of applied coatings. For coatings, a primary performance characteristic is adhesion after exposure to corrosive environments. One of the consequences of corrosion forming under a coating is the loss of adhesion or delamination of the coating.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is used to evaluate the influence of a topcoat to impact corrosion protection after accelerated exposure testing (QUV, xenon arc, Prohesion). The ability to monitor early undercoat corrosion, at progressive stages of the accelerated weathering tests, was a major factor in selecting the EIS testing method.
Foul-release coating systems were examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to measure the degradation of coating dielectric properties in immersion. Three-inch by six-inch coated steel coupons were placed in dilute Harrison’s solution (DHS) to simulate constant immersion field conditions.
Electrochemical methods have long been utilized to provide real-time corrosion information but have rarely been used to study localized corrosion. Most recently, electrochemical methods such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic polarization (CP) were investigated to predict pitting tendencies and the work was presented in 2022.
Based on this work, it was proved that CP technique can be used to predict localized corrosion tendency of continuous corrosion inhibitors.