AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'linear polarization resistance'

Available for download

04528 High Temperature Electrochemical Corrosion Rate Probes for Combustion Environments

Product Number: 51300-04528-SG

ISBN: 04528 2004 CP

Author: Bernard S. Covino Jr., Sophie J. Bullard, Stephen D. Cramer, Gordon R. Holcomb, and Malgorzata Ziome

Publication Date: 2005

$20.00

Electrochemical corrosion rate probes have been constructed and tested along with mass loss coupons in an air plus water vapor and a N2/O2/CO2 plus water vapor environment. Temperatures ranged from 200º to 700ºC. Results show that electrochemical corrosion rates for ash-covered mild steel are a function of time, temperature and process environment.

Available for download

1D196, Laboratory Test Methods for Evaluating Oilfield Corrosion Inhibitors

Product Number: 24192-SG

Publication Date: 1996

$179.00

HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. This Technical Committee Report establishes the pertinent parameters to be observed and/or controlled during laboratory and field evaluation of corrosion inhibitors for the purpose of establishing a common baseline for the comparison of the results from such evaluations.

Available for download

51317--9712-Novel Synthesis Characterization and Testing of Vegetable Oil Derived Corrosion Inhibitors

Product Number: 51317--9712-SG

ISBN: 9712 2017 CP

Author: Paul Rostron

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

A technique capable of producing effective (up to 98% efficient) corrosion inhibitors via chemical modification of vegetable oils. The advantage of this technique is the one pot approach which drastically cuts costs. The inhibitors were tested in their ability to reduce corrosion in stirred, aerated seawater, a highly corrosive environment.

Available for download

51317--9721-Use of Micelle Detection for Corrosion Inhibitor Screening

Product Number: 51317--9721-SG

ISBN: 9721 2017 CP

Author: Melanie Reid

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

This paper describes a method of exploiting the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the corrosion inhibitors to show that the use of CMC can be used as a laboratory screening method for corrosion inhibitor selection.

Available for download

Derivation of a Modified Stern-Geary Linear Polarization Equation. Application to Seawater Corrosion and Inhibitor Evaluation

Product Number: 51324-20986-SG

Author: Jose Vera; Ken Evans; Conchita Mendez

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Instantaneous corrosion rates are typically calculated as a function of the exposure time from the slope of linear polarization resistance (LPR) scans using the well-known Stern-Geary equation and assuming a constant B value that does not vary during the test. However, this assumption is not valid when the corrosion mechanism changes during the test due to, for example, injection of a corrosion inhibitor, formation of protective films or passivation. A methodology was implemented to detect significant changes in the B values during a test, by evaluating the Current vs Potential data of LPR scans instead of only the polarization resistance (Rp) calculated from the slope. In addition, the Stern-Geary equation is a valid approximation only if one anodic and one cathodic reaction are present at the corrosion potential. An exact modified Stern-Geary equation was derived for cases where up to two cathodic and two anodic reactions are prominent at the corrosion potential. This procedure was used to interpret Rp vs time data from seawater corrosion at relatively low O2 concentrations. Under these conditions, not only the iron oxidation to Fe2+ and oxygen reduction reaction will occur, but the Fe2+/Fe3+ redox reaction may also be prominent at the corrosion potential. The application of this method was also illustrated using experimental data from a typical corrosion inhibitor qualification test, where chemical dosages are injected after a pre-corrosion period.

Available for download

Effect Of Dissolved Oxygen On Carbon Steel Corrosion And Particulate Formation In Water Injection Systems. Part 2: Rotating Cage Experiments

Product Number: 51324-20817-SG

Author: Jose Vera; Ken Evans; Conchita Mendez

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Seawater treatment for secondary recovery injection typically includes controlling the dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC) below 20 ppb using a combination of mechanical deaeration and oxygen scavenger injection. However, upsets can occur during operation, which may temporarily increase DOC above the specified values. These DOC excursions may not only significantly increase corrosion rates but also produce corrosion product particles in suspension. The potential influence of suspended particles produced by corrosion in water injection systems’ performance during water injection operations is not well understood. An electrochemically modified rotating cage autoclave (RCA) setup was used in conjunction with a particle analyzer instrument to correlate dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC), corrosion rates and particulate formation in real-time. Dissolved oxygen and pH were also continuously monitored throughout the tests. All testing was performed in a seawater simulant brine at 32°C. The effect of consecutive DOC excursions from 20 ppb to either 100 ppb or 1000 ppb were evaluated at two different flow velocities. The key findings from the testing can be summarized as follows: (1) there is a clear and significant interaction between flow velocity and the corrosion rates caused by the DOC excursions, which is not considered in the available predictive models; (2) localized corrosion was observed mainly on tests with 1000 ppb excursions; (3) The suspended particle concentration starts to increase after the total accumulated iron produced by corrosion reaches a minimum value, usually shortly after the first DOC excursion, and the mean particle size increases, reaching a maximum between 20 and 50 µm.

Available for download

Influence of Alloying Elements on the Electrochemical Behavior of Cantor High Entropy Alloys in Chloride Solutions

Product Number: 51323-18924-SG

Author: Emily Seto, Jing Liu, Haoxiang Wang

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Multi-principle element alloys (MPEAs) represent a new alloy development philosophy, where the base alloy has significant atom fractions of several elements. Among MPEAs, high entropy alloys (HEAs) are defined as alloys containing 5 or more principle elements. In 2004 Cantor et al. introduced Fe20Co20Cr-20Ni20Mn20 (H4Mn20), a 5-element equimolar HEA. It was found that this alloy formed a single FCC solid solution and solidified dendritically.

Available for download

The Effect of CO2 Partial Pressure on the Formation and Protective Characteristics of Iron Carbonate Corrosion Products

Product Number: 51324-20666-SG

Author: Amber Sykes; Robert Jacklin; Danny Burkle; Richard C. Woollam; Joshua Owen

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This study investigates the effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) partial pressure on the rate of formation and the protective characteristics of iron carbonate (FeCO3) corrosion product layers on X65 carbon steel in aqueous systems. Autoclave corrosion tests were performed at 80 °C in CO2-saturated 3 wt.% sodium chloride solution at partial pressures from 5.5 to 15.5 bar. Linear polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy electrochemical methods were utilized to provide insight into the stages of corrosion product layer development. Analysis of the electrochemical response under each condition revealed key, distinguishable stages associated with the development of an FeCO3 layer as its role transitions from predominantly blocking steel active sites, to ultimately providing additional corrosion suppression through formation of a diffusion barrier. It was found that at higher CO2 partial pressures, the onset of diffusion control was accelerated, but the overall corrosion rate was greater than at lower pressures.

Available for download

The Interaction of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds based Corrosion Inhibitor with Carbon Steel in CO2 Saturated NaCl Solution

Product Number: 51323-19515-SG

Author: Magdalena Eskinja, Gregor Mori, Masoud Moshtaghi, Stefan Hönig, Gerald Zehethofer

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Carbon steel is commonly used as a material for pipelines in oil and gas industry for facilities such as flowlines, down hole tubulars, transmission pipelines. Wide use of carbon steel is conventional due to its economic feasibility, however this kind of steel faces significant internal corrosion problems with corrosion rates reaching up to 10 mm/y if there is exclusion of protective methods. In oil and gas industry such carbon steel pipelines are utilized for transportation of hydrocarbons where they are simultaneously exposed to the co-generated acidic gases (carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S)) and water.

Products tagged with 'linear polarization resistance'

Association for Materials Protection and Performance