AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'dissolved oxygen'

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08271 Effects of Oxygen, Temperature and Salinity on Carbon Steel Corrosion in Aqueous Solutions; Model Predictions versus Laboratory Results

Product Number: 51300-08271-SG

ISBN: 08271 2008 CP

Author: Steven Grise and Brian Saldanha

Publication Date: 2008

$20.00

Corrosion of carbon steel materials in brine solutions. Model results will be compared with literature data and lab experiments. Conditions will be limited to near neutral pH (5-9), temperature from 22oC to 55oC, and O2 atmospheres up to 101.325 kPa.

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Applicability of 15%Cr and 17%Cr Martensite-Based Stainless Steel OCTG Materials for Seawater Injection Service

Product Number: 51321-16310-SG

Author: Yasuhide Ishiguro/Yusuke Mizuno/Takashi Koga/Yuichi Kamo/Tsuyoshi Yoneyama

Publication Date: 2021

$20.00

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Biocide Compatibility with Oxygen Scavenger: A Case Study from Oil Field

Product Number: 51323-19112-SG

Author: Abdul Wahab Al-Ahmad, Adel Jubar Al-Mutairi, Fatma Jassim Behbehani, Ali Mohammed Akrouf, Ashok Mathew

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Kuwait is among the ten top oil producing countries in the world. The state run Kuwait Oil Company produces crude oil through more than 5000 wells spread across the company’s South-East, North and West Kuwait asset areas. The crude oil produced along with saline water and gases (carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide & hydrocarbon gas) is received at manifold headers at Gathering Centers (GC).

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Corrosion Resistance Of Stainless Steel Pipelines In Seawater During Pre-Comissioning Phase

Product Number: 51323-19137-SG

Author: Charles Leballeur, Tran Quang Tung, Nicolas Larché

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

In Oil & Gas industries, Cr-Ni-Mo stainless steels and Ni-Cr-Mo alloys with Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN) lower than 40 could be selected for Rigid Production subsea risers, pipeline, and associated structure’s piping, according to a CO2/H2S corrosion assessment that considers all steady and transient conditions foreseen to operate the reservoir.

However, there are frequently some localized corrosion concerns for these materials during the installation and pre-commissioning of the line, when the internal surface of the line could be in contact temporarily with untreated seawater. These concerns systematically lead to discard the selection of these materials and to select, for conservative purpose, UNS N06625 that is admitted immune to localized corrosion in ambient seawater in international standard and operator’s specification, whatever the outcomes of the CO2/H2 corrosion assessment.

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Corrosion Risk Evaluation of Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S82551 in Treated Seawater Injection Well Service

Product Number: 51317--9608-SG

ISBN: 9608 2017 CP

Author: Perry Nice

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

In seawater handling systems, better dissolved oxygen controls would permit the use of more cost effective materials such as duplex stainless steel UNS S82551. Corrosion testing of tubes joined together with a proprietary premium threaded connection was performed in controlled seawater loops simulating service conditions at 30°C.

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Effect of Dissolved Oxygen on Carbon Steel Corrosion and Particulate Formation. Part 1: Rotating Cylinder Electrode Experiments

Product Number: 51324-20718-SG

Author: K. J. Evans; J. Vera; C. Mendez

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

The dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC) in seawater injection systems is typically maintained near 10 to 20 ppb. However, these systems can experience DOC excursions that temporarily rise into the 100 to 1000 ppb range. The use of carbon steel piping in some systems is known to result in elevated corrosion rates during upset periods in which DOC increases. However, the particles that are generated from corrosion products during upset conditions are not well characterized or understood. The importance of understanding corrosion-generated particles relates to the plugging of the injection lines, which can lead to costly work-overs of the injection well. The main objective of this work is to examine the impact of DOC excursions on steel corrosion and iron-based particulates that form as a result of corrosion. A rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) electrochemical setup was implemented in conjunction with a particle analyzer instrument to make these correlations in real-time under controlled hydrodynamic conditions. Dissolved oxygen and pH were also continuously monitored throughout the tests. All testing was performed in a seawater simulant brine at 32°C. The key findings from the testing can be summarized accordingly: (1) particle sizes in the 20 to 30 µm range tended to concentrate when the DOC was raised to 1000 ppb; (2) localized corrosion was able to develop on the steel electrodes due to breakdown of a semi-protective film that formed over time; (3) DOC excursions may lead to irreversible increases in the baseline corrosion rate after dissolved oxygen is reduced back to low levels (e.g., 20 ppb).

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Effect Of Dissolved Oxygen On The SCC Susceptibility And Oxidation Of Cold-Worked 316L SS In PWR Primary Water

Product Number: ED22-17254-SG

Author: Thalita De Paula, Cécilie Duhamel, Catherine Guerre, Jérôme Crépin, Ian De Curières, Frédéric Datcharry, Marc Maisonneuve

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Austenitic stainless steels (SS), such as 304L and 316L alloys, are largely used for structural components in nuclear power plants due to their good corrosion resistance, especially under high temperatures and aqueous environments. However, operational experience on the primary circuit of pressurized water reactors (PWRs) has shown an increasing number of cases of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) on austenitic stainless steels components after long-term exposure.

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Effect Of Oxygen Concentrations on Localized Corrosion of Martensitic And Super Martensitic Stainless Steels

Product Number: 51323-18891-SG

Author: Suresh Divi, Bruce Craig

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

It has become somewhat common in the oil and gas industry to convert producing wells containing 13Cr stainless steels to water injection wells. This practice has led to numerous tubing failures due to pitting of the 13Cr from oxygen dissolved in the injection water. The water source for these wells is often from produced water and seawater but other waters may also be injected.

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Impact Of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration In Seawater Injection Well On The Localized Corrosion Resistance Of Low Stainless Steel Grades

Product Number: 51323-19063-SG

Author: Charles Leballeur, Nicolas Larché, Perry Ian Nice, Bruce Cowe

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Stainless steels have been used for a wide range of applications in seawater. They are known to be susceptible to localized corrosion under given conditions. This is often the limiting factor for the use of stainless steels for seawater applications.

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Improved Localized Corrosion Models For Stainless Steels In Aqueous Chloride Environments With Low Levels Of Dissolved Oxygen

Product Number: 51322-17955-SG

Author: Guru Prasad Sundararajan, Sinchana Rao, Tom Bos, Andrzej Anderko, Deepti Ballal

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

In Upstream, CRAs (Corrosion Resistant Alloys) are widely selected to handle seawater and brines in piping, valves, pumps, heat exchangers, vessels, and seawater injection^1-4. Also, disposal of produced water is commonly performed through injection into spent fields. Water from a variety of sources including produced water, seawater and surface/fresh water may also be injected to create pressure drive for existing fields. Usually dissolved oxygen (DO) is not fully controlled when there are multiple sources of injection water and sometimes even possibility of injection of fully oxygenated water exists. For oxygenated seawater, the PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number = %Cr + 3.3 *(%Mo + 0.5 %W) + 16 %N) shall be >40 and limits are applied to the temperature4. Other applications involve Solid CRA or cladded production pipelines which may get flooded with seawater during installation and precommissioning.

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Localized Corrosion Limit of Use of S13%Cr (UNS S41427) Connector in Converted Injection Treated Seawater Well

Product Number: 51324-20714-SG

Author: Nicolas Larché; Marianne Kleive; Charles Leballeur; Eva Malmanger

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

Many systems can be converted and used for different applications not initially planned. This is the case for production wells, sometimes converted into water injection wells and for which the production tubing material selection is clearly not adapted for prolonged contact with natural seawater. Oxygen removal treatment must be applied but precise control is not obvious and excursions above zero or close-to-zero oxygen can occur. The production tubing material S13%Cr are known to be sensitive to dissolved oxygen excursions in seawater, but data from the literature cannot precisely help in defining the allowed limits of use. Exploring the possibility to convert a production well into a treated seawater injection well then requires a careful assessment of the corrosion resistance limits of the involved alloys. A series of corrosion tests in treated seawater were designed to assess the limits of use of fast connector made of alloy UNS S41427. The corrosion tests were performed both at laboratory scale and on full-scale fast connectors in a treated seawater flow loops simulating service conditions. For all the performed tests, maintaining the dissolved oxygen content (DOC) at 15 ppb and below never led to localized corrosion and has been considered as a safe condition in terms of corrosion risk for alloy S41427 at ambient temperature. It was found that prolonged dissolved oxygen content (DOC) above 30±10 ppb may lead to initial crevice corrosion after only 4 h of exposure. Globally, a very good correlation between the laboratory and the full-scale test results was found. The critical crevice potential for alloy S41427 was significantly affected by the cleaning process of the tested coupons, while the stop of the corrosion was always measured for potentials reached at DOC < 10 ppb. The proposed methodology, involving both laboratory and full-scale tests, allowed to precisely quantify the limits of use of UNS S41427 in treated injection well. It could be used for any other material and applications to help at designing adapted and reliable engineering diagrams for material selections.

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Localized Corrosion of UNS S31603 in Aqueous Ammonium Chloride Environments at Elevated Temperatures and Low Dissolved Oxygen

Product Number: 51323-19125-SG

Author: Guru Prasad Sundararajan, Nicholas J. Laycock, Nikhil Amin, Wouter Hamer, Sami Ahmed

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl) corrosion is prevalent in the refinery and petrochemical industries and its prediction, monitoring and control has been well documented. In Chemical plants, when NH3 and HCl are present in a gas-mixture and the temperature drops, NH4Cl can desublime. In the presence of water-vapor, NH4Cl desublime within components like heat-exchanger tubes, creating saturated wet salt deposits, causing general and localized corrosion.

Products tagged with 'dissolved oxygen'

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