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The influence of acetate ion on the rate of corrosion of carbon steel (X65) in 3 % NaCl brine saturated with carbon dioxide has been investigated using voltammetry at a rotating disc electrode. The rate of corrosion can only be understood if it is recognised that the cathodic process in the steel corrosion is affected by acetic acid.
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This paper reviews the effect of low molecular weight organic acids ( acetic, propionic, butyric) on corrosion rates in the presence of CO2. The effect of the mineral content of the produced water is also discussed. Laboratory methods for determining the concentration of low concentrations of organic acids are discussed. Laboratory and field data are presented.
An investigation into the effect of ppm concentrations of acetic acid on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of API 5L X65 carbon steel in a sour environment. Electrochemical techniques, Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR), Potentiodynamic Polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), were used.
This paper reviews a theoretical background of buffer solutions for stainless steel oil country tubular goods materials at laboratory corrosion test, and then the concept is applied to NACE-TM0177-based solution and modified solutions.
Corrosion is a surface phenomenon, which is defined as the deterioration of a material due to chemical and/ or electrochemical reactions. The continued interest in understanding corrosion phenomena and devising mitigation methods stems from the potential influence corrosion has on infrastructural damage across diverse industries. The most prevalent forms of corrosion encountered in the oil and gas industry are referred to as sweet and sour, corresponding to aqueous CO2 and H2S environments, respectively. The presence of an aqueous phase in these environments leads to the formation of a weak acid which is understood to be detrimental to the service life of carbon steel pipelines, when not properly mitigated.
Several studies have focused in the past on the precipitation mechanism of iron carbonate (FeCO3), which is the dominant corrosion product in CO2 environments observed in the oil and gas industry. The dissolved CO2 species undergo a series of chemical reactions and react with the oxidized iron ions forming FeCO3 as the primary corrosion product. In the past, the thermodynamics of each of these reactions have been thoroughly studied and modified by incorporating the effects of temperature and non-ideality.
An experimental study of corrosion of carbon steel in the presence of H2S, CO2 and acetic acid has been carried out. H2S and CO2 partial pressures up to 10 bar each were applied, with temperatures of 25 and 90oC.
Top of line corrosion (TLC) is a specific corrosion mechanism observed in the oil and gas industry. This phenomena occurs under stratified or wet-gas flow regimes when the upper internal pipeline walls are sufficiently cooled (by heat transfer to the surrounding outer environment), promoting local condensation of water vapor. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and organic acids dissolving into the condensed water generate a change in the solution chemistry, ultimately influencing the corrosion kinetics of the contacting carbon steel.