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This AMPP standard practice provides information for the material selection and welding procedures needed for optimum corrosion resistance of washwater discharge stub pipe in marine exhaust gas cleaning systems (EGCS, also known as scrubbers). The intended audience of the standard is shipyards, scrubber system manufacturers, installers, marine engineering firms, classification societies, flag state representatives (e.g., U.S. Coast Guard), ship owners, and ship operators.
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This Technical Report provides sound technical information on the corrosion risk of exhaust gas scrubbers to ship owners, shipyards, marine engineers, scrubber designers and suppliers. Marine scrubbers used on ships are mainly wet scrubbers, which are open-loop, closed-loop, or hybrid types. Each system is discussed with respect to a description of each type of scrubber, washwater environments, materials of construction (metals and non-metals), pitfalls of inspection, fabrication, and welding of metals, service performance and applications history including descriptions of corrosion failures and successes, and repair and maintenance guidance.
A biofuel can be described as any fuel where bio-based renewables like oils and fats, organic waste, crops like corn or sugar cane, and algae, etc., are used as precursor feedstocks.
Increasingly, the production of biofuels from biomass is very much part of a global impetus for an energy transition to a “carbon neutral” world. The goal is to reduce the carbon footprint and ensure that sustainable energy from bio-based feedstocks realistically lowers reliance on energy produced from fossil fuels.
This multi-author/expert book, Coatings Failures: Analysis and Solutions--Linings, features case studies covering the failure--and fixture--of linings in an assortment of applications. The authors emphasize that the interior linings of tanks and pipes--and even railcars--is just as important as exterior coatings.
The performance of the interior lining correlates with the proper choice and application of the correct coating system.
The methods of investigating the failure include laboratory analyses, studies focused on the environment of the failure, infrared spectroscopy, suggestions on the steps that any investigation needs to consider, etc.
2023 AMPP e-book, color, 52 pages
Critical procedures at blasting and coating shops and steel fabricating shops, include surface preparation, application of primer coats, often shop applications include intermediate coat application, as well as occasionally including topcoat application. These phases of the process are absolutely critical to the long-term success of coating/lining projects. If the industry is serious about quality, specifiers must include language in the project specifications to include mandatory independent qualified coating inspection during shop coating applications.
Some of the toughest environments for protective coatings to withstand are seen in the power industry, particularly within the flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process. Temperatures within the different areas throughout the system may reach 350-450°F (177-232°C) and then be cooled to ambient temperatures upon shutdown of the unit.
Development of linings for high temperature, high-pressure applications present a number of special challenges. Challenges include chemical resistance, abrasion resistance, adhesion under cycling temperature and pressure conditions, flexibility, application properties, as well as resistance to pressure and temperature.
Solvent-free epoxy coatings have been widely specified and used over recent years in Australia as linings for a variety of immersion service exposures, specifically for potable water storage and tank linings for some petroleum products. However, they have not always delivered the durability or performance hoped for.
The most dangerous phrase in business, “We’ve always done it that way”, has never been more apt. It cannot be assumed that these linings, with proven track record in storage and processing fossil fuels, will provide the same level of asset protection in biofuels storage and biorefining processes. Likewise, the use of “generic” equivalents offers greater risks as the technology used does not define the performance.
The paper will be a discussion of the various generic lining products available in the marketplace today, required application methods and potential issues associated with each. Additional discussion will take place around ancillary work required to achieve a successful long-term installation.
Solvent-free coatings, their application to railcars and use of plural-component spray equipment. Products and equipment. For coating/lining applicators in railcar shops.
Regulatory qualification of railcar linings in corrosive service. 1) Primary lining inspection intervals used by participating large rail fleets. 2) Factors that the tank car shipping industry and customers use to develop those lining inspection intervals.