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Picture for Effect of CO in Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steel Pipelines in CCS Environments
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Effect of CO in Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steel Pipelines in CCS Environments

Product Number: 51324-20647-SG
Author: Gaoxiang (Garret) Wu; Jose Rafael Vera; Ken Evans; Chong Li; William Kovacs
Publication Date: 2024
$40.00
Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of various possible impurities in carbon capture and storage (CCS) streams. As a by-product of the methane reforming process to produce blue hydrogen, CO is combusted and converted to carbon dioxide (CO2) and transported in pipelines. However, a trace amount of CO in the presence of oxygen (O2) and water can cause stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in carbon steel pipelines. This paper assesses the SCC risk of carbon steels induced by CO at different concentrations with or without O2 in lab simulated dense phase CO2 environments. Electrochemical measurements were also conducted to reveal the pseudo-passive behavior of carbon steels in different CO/O2/CO2 systems, and to help understand the resultant SCC behaviors.
Picture for Internal Corrosion of Flare Header - A Case Study
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Internal Corrosion of Flare Header - A Case Study

Product Number: 51324-21201-SG
Author: Ayman A. Alabdullatif; Lay Seong Teh; Hatam Mehraz; Anaam H. Shaikh Ali
Publication Date: 2024
$40.00
In a major gas-oil separation plant (GOSP) in Saudi Arabia, a major flare header suffered from severe internal corrosion. Upon analyzing the scale and sludge that was found accumulated in the line, a significant proportion of elemental sulfur was identified. This indicated that in addition to hydrogen sulfide and water (which were expected to be present in the line), significant amount of oxygen was also present. An investigation was conducted to identify the source of this oxygen and to eliminate it. Other critical factors that impacted the internal corrosion were also identified. The line was not properly sloped to drain accumulated moisture. Knock-out boot levels were often high and not regularly drained. In addition, purge gas was not operated at rates adequate to sweep any accumulated liquids. All of these factors combined led to an accelerated deterioration of the header.
Picture for SCC Of Tensile Wires At High CO2 Partial Pressure In Simulated Annulus Environments Of Flexible Pipes
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SCC Of Tensile Wires At High CO2 Partial Pressure In Simulated Annulus Environments Of Flexible Pipes

Product Number: 51322-17898-SG
Author: Pedro Netto da Silva, Gaute Svenningsen, Arne Dugstad, José Antônio da Cunha Ponciano Gomes
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

Unbonded flexible pipes used for transporting process fluids in offshore oil and gas production systems have a complex structure, with alternate polymer and metallic layers. Tensile armors are metallic layers constructed by the helical wrapping of high strength carbon steel wires, and they are responsible for the integrity of the pipe. These armors provide axial strength and torsion resistance to the pipe so that it can sustain its own weight and resist to stresses associated to environmental conditions and vessel motion.
Picture for The Impact of Oxygen Related Black Solids in Oil and Gas Production Systems
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The Impact of Oxygen Related Black Solids in Oil and Gas Production Systems

Product Number: 51323-18942-SG
Author: Miriam Barber, Adedamola Adelusi, Stefano Tassinari
Publication Date: 2023
$20.00

Previous studies have shown that the presence of oxygen in wet carbon steel pipelines can present a major integrity management issue. The presence of O2 in the process accelerates corrosion rates and has been identified as a major culprit in the formation of black solids in gas transmission pipelines.
Picture for The Influence Of Oxygen On Protective Iron Carbonate Scales Formed On Carbon Steel In CO2 Environments At Near-Neutral Ph
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The Influence Of Oxygen On Protective Iron Carbonate Scales Formed On Carbon Steel In CO2 Environments At Near-Neutral Ph

Product Number: 51322-17899-SG
Author: Pedro Netto da Silva, Gaute Svenningsen, Arne Dugstad, José Antônio da Cunha Ponciano Gomes
Publication Date: 2022
$20.00

High strength carbon steel tensile wires confined in the annulus of flexible pipes might experience corrosion when the annulus is flooded with water, either due to outer sheath breaches or to condensation of water molecules permeating from the bore through the inner sheath. Carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules may also permeate from the bore and reach the annulus, where it dissolves into water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3).
Picture for Understanding the Total Cost of a Corrosion Issue in the Oil and Gas Industry
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Understanding the Total Cost of a Corrosion Issue in the Oil and Gas Industry

Product Number: 51317--9286-SG
ISBN: 9286 2017 CP
Author: Laura Cardenas
Publication Date: 2017
$20.00

Case study: A Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage facility in northern Alberta, Canada is examined as it experienced two very similar failures in heat exchanger tubes within 2 years of each other due to a boiler feedwater tank without a nitrogen blanket and a low flow condition.
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