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Failure analysis methodology is applied to the principal mechanisms by which boiler tubes fail during service. sThe failure analysis procedure, or methodology for evaluation, is provided in a step by step approach. Among the case histories discussed are: fatigue, erosion, short-term overheating, and hydrogen damage.
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The IDDP-1 well was the hottest flowing geothermal well in the world ~ 450 °C and 140 bar superheated steam that contained corrosive dissolved gases, H2S, CO2, H2, HCl and HF. The well had to be closed. Steel samples from down-hole were analyzed.
Boilers are critical components in gas plants, providing steam for a wide range of process and utility applications. However, with aging, boilers become more prone to integrity challenges, impacting process production, boiler performance, and safety. This case study examines on an operational gas plant in operation since 1977, shedding light on the complexities of managing integrity issues in aging boilers.