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The testing covers the impacts of various commercial Structural polyurethane foam materials on cathodic protection current distribution on coated pipelines based on laboratory testing of key performance parameters.
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Lay-up is a process that provides internal protection on equipment (pipeline, piping, heat exchanger...etc.) and controls internal corrosion by ensuring water and oxygen-free environments. Corrosion may occur and be accelerated by water contact after hydrostatic testing and even a small amount of stagnant water and oxygen ingress will cause bacteria to grow in water which may result in loss of thickness due to high concentration of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and accelerate internal corrosion in equipment due to Microbiological Induced Corrosion (MIC). Lay-up helps to greatly reduce these risks of internal corrosion and provide assurance of design life. The objective of this study is to identify constructability challenges faced during construction and carry out a lay-up in a cross country pipeline in gaseous services. Six challenges are discussed and explored in the study including: the long duration from water fill to final lay-up, pipeline segments are used as water reservoirs, intermediate/segment lay-up, failure to maintain lay-up, indefinite lay-up periods, and rainwater. A case scenario is used to demonstrate the extent of these challenges and issues. It is hoped that this study will help avoid and minimize these constructability challenges in future cross country gas pipelines projects.
This paper discusses how to determine the “safe” separation distance that is required for transmission powerline tower and an adjacent pipeline to avoid an arc from the former to the latter - based on research literature and standards. Mitigation.
In previous years, we have explored the use of electrochemical sensors for humidity and corrosion measurements inside of natural gas pipelines. Designed to operate in systems where a conductive aqueous phase is intermittent or unavailable, these membrane-based sensors utilize electrochemical techniques such as linear polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to determine the environment’s corrosivity to the pipeline material. We now aim to explore this sensor’s performance and capabilities in more complex systems, specifically in environments that promote localized corrosion. Using the aforementioned electrochemical techniques, along with electrochemical noise and cyclic voltammetry, we probe and monitor localized corrosion and general corrosion of X65 steel in the presence of inorganic pitting agents. Experiments are conducted in both aqueous and nonaqueous environments. The additional functionality increases the quantity and quality of corrosion data from these sensors, offering to internal corrosion-monitoring programs a more complete picture of real-time corrosion within their natural gas pipelines.
Revised standard covering only polyolefin cold-applied tapes. Material requirements for three types of cold-applied polyolefin tapes used for pipeline coating and the multilayered tape systems using these materials. Identification of these pipeline coatings by external parties. Historical Document 1989
Electrical resistance (ER) corrosion measurement probes, used for internal corrosion monitoring, are now referred to as soil corrosion probes (SCP) when used in soil-side applications.
High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems and their effect on underground/underwater or surface metallic structures.
Flow models used to locate internal corrosion and corrosion models to predict severity. Can also be used in conjunction with inline inspection (ILI) data to establish ILI frequency. Applicable to piggable pipelines.
CORRECTED VERSION AS OF 1/14/2022. Analysis of available and emerging technologies in the field of in-line inspection tools and review their status with respect to characteristics, performance, range of application, and limitations. This is a companion guide to SP0102.
The following corrections have been made in NACE Publication 35100-2017, “In-Line Inspection of Pipelines.”Date: January 14, 2022Corrections:•Reference 2 on p. 20 has been revised from “Specifications and Requirements for Intelligent Pig Inspection of Pipelines, Pipeline Operators Forum (POF), http://www.pipelineoperators.org/publicdocs/POF_specs_2009.pdf (Rijswijk, Netherlands: 2009).” to “Specifications and Requirements for Intelligent Pig Inspection of Pipelines, Pipeline Operators Forum (POF), 2016.”•Two citations of reference 2 in Appendix B (pp. 30 and 31) have been revised from “…from POF document. [ref.]” to “…from Table 2.1 of the POF document.2”•Metric-to-U.S. Customary unit conversions have been corrected throughout Appendix B.Published as: NACE Publication 35100-2017 (Corrected Copy)
The theoretical basis for the 100 millivolt (mV) cathodic polarization criterion. Effects of other factors such as temperature, mill scale, moisture, and anaerobic bacteria, polarization.
Corrosion associated with alternating current (AC) interference on buried steel pipelines. AC corrosion characteristics and proposed mechanisms. Approaches to protection and monitoring.
CP coupons have been used since the 1930s by several of the pioneers of the corrosion-control industry, both in North America and in Europe. Over the last two decades, the use of CP coupons has been rediscovered as a practical method to determine the level of polarization of a buried structure and to confirm the voltage drop in a potential measurement. Acceptance of CP coupon technology is slowly occurring. Research sponsored by the pipeline industry has explored the use of CP coupons and has helped validate the use of this technology.