AMPP Store - Products tagged with 'pitting corrosion'

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Effect of Heat Treatment and Manufacturing Method on the Susceptibility to Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking of UNS N06625

Product Number: 51324-20899-SG

Author: Eivind Bruun Thorstensen; Atle Helge Qvale; Vebjørn Andresen ; Roy Johnsen; Paal Bratland

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

This paper presents results obtained from examining the effect of heat treatment and production method on the hydrogen induced stress cracking (HISC) susceptibility of UNS N06625 (Alloy 625). Five different versions of Alloy 625 were examined: Hot forged material heat treated at 920 °C, 1010 °C and 1100 °C respectively, material produced by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and material that has been solution annealed and strain hardened (cold worked) at a temperature below secondary phase formation. The different versions of Alloy 625 were initially characterized by identifying the critical pitting temperature (CPT) by use of a modified ASTM G48 Method C test. Resistance to Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE) has been examined by use of stepwise loading of tensile specimens in a hydrogen charging environment in CortestTM proof rings, followed by fractography characterization and microstructural examination by use of Optical Light Microscope (OLM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The hot forged and the HIP’ed versions of Alloy 625 that subsequently were heat treated, were found to be susceptible to HISC. The evaluation was based on a decrease in strength and ductility, as well as brittle fracture surfaces and secondary cracking on the samples’ outer surface. Among the hot forged and heat-treated versions, the samples heat treated at 1010°C were found to be the most susceptible to HISC, while (solution) heat treatment at 1100°C resulted in the lowest HISC susceptibility amongst the hot forged and heat-treated qualities. The solution annealed (1150 °C) and cold worked version showed a higher resistance to HISC, as no reduction in fracture strength, nor any secondary cracking were observed. The amount of grain boundary precipitations was found to be the main factor influencing the HISC susceptibility, where an increased amount of grain boundary precipitations led to higher susceptibility. The effect of grain size on the HISC susceptibility of samples charged with hydrogen were also considered, and the results indicate that larger grains have a beneficial effect on the ductility.

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Effect of Nitrogen Blanketing on Soil-Side Corrosion Mitigation of the Double Shell Tanks at Hanford

Product Number: 51323-19354-SG

Author: Pavan K. Shukla, Roderick E. Fuentes, Bruce J. Wiersma, Crystal Girardot, Jason Page, Shawn Campbell

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

High-level radioactive waste generated during reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel at Hanford has been stored in 149 single- and 27 double shell tanks (DSTs). Each DST consists of a primary shell (inner) surrounded by secondary (outer) shell. The secondary shell’s bottom rests on a concrete foundation.

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Effects of Annealing Temperature on Pitting Corrosion of LDX 2003 and LDX 2404 Duplex Stainless Steels

Product Number: 51317--9156-SG

ISBN: 9156 2017 CP

Author: Liang He

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Electrochemical methods were used to evaluate pitting susceptibility of differently heat-treated DSS samples. Results from this study provide further knowledge on the heat treatment effects for the relatively new grades of lean duplex stainless steels.

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Electrochemical Assessment Of The Influence Of Temperature On The Pitting Corrosion Reistance Of Metallic Materials In Brines

Product Number: 51322-17738-SG

Author: Helmuth Sarmiento Klapper, Sebastian Jesse

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Several industrial applications including the chemical industry and oilfield technology involve frequently halide-containing streams at elevated temperatures, that challenge the pitting corrosion resistance of metallic materials. Pitting susceptibility becomes not only a reject criterion for materials selection during the design stages of engineering components used in these applications. It also constitutes a significant limiting factor to the service life of these components once in service. Therefore, the characterization of the pitting corrosion resistance of metallic materials including the influence that operational factors can have on material’s susceptibility is crucial.

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Erosion and Corrosion Assessment of Type 304L Stainless Steel Jumper Removed from Nuclear Waste Transfer Service

Product Number: 51324-20634-SG

Author: Sheewa X. Feng; Jason S. Page

Publication Date: 2024

$40.00

A pipe connection assembly (jumper), fabricated from Type 304L stainless steel, was used to transfer nuclear waste from one tank to other tanks on the Hanford Site. After serving as the routing connection for approximately 11 million liters of tank waste over approximately 11 months, the jumper was removed from service and examined to determine any erosion, pitting, cracking, or other forms of degradation to the jumper. Ultrasonic transducer measurements for wall thickness before and after service at the same selected locations show that there was no measurable wall loss, and no erosion patterns were observed. After the ultrasonic transducer measurement, the jumper section was cut open to expose the inner surface for detailed examination by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The straight pipe sections at both upstream and downstream locations looked pristine, while discoloring was observed at the two welds, in the heat-affected zone, and in nearby regions joining the elbow and straight pipes. There was no erosion, pitting corrosion, or flow-induced corrosion, nor were there other corrosion mechanisms in evidence except for a crack-like feature observed at the boundary of the base metal and weld. Material etching didn't show alignment of the crack with grain boundaries. Degree of sensitization measurement shows that the weld and heat-affected zone, including the neighboring base, was only slightly sensitized during the manufacturing process. The results suggest that there is very low likelihood that the crack-like feature observed from the weld cross section was the result of stress corrosion cracking. Overall, the jumper performed well during the waste transfer process.

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Evaluation of Alloys for Marine Exhaust Scrubbers

Product Number: 51317--8972-SG

ISBN: 8972 2017 CP

Author: Brian DeForce

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Permissible level of sulfur emissions from ocean vessels have been reduced. Diesel exhaust scrubbers are one response. The scrubber environment requires corrosion resistant alloys. This study compares multiple alloys in several simulated scrubber environments.

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Evaluation of Simulated Corrosion Pits in X65 Steel

Product Number: 51317--9338-SG

ISBN: 9338 2017 CP

Author: Farnoosh Farhad

Publication Date: 2017

$20.00

Aims to evaluate stress and strain around a pit and to determine the relationship between plastic zone size and pit geometry using the Finite Element Method (FEM). A database containing the relationship of pit parameters and plastic zone size can provide an understanding of the risk of through-wall failure in X65 steel.

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Failure Cases Of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Pump Components

Product Number: 51322-17689-SG

Author: Janardhan Rao Saithala, Amjad Kharusi, Mohammed Ghafri, Ossama Mohammed, Abdul Majeed, Manish Kulkarni, Talal Nabhani

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

The application of corrosion resistance alloys such as 25% Cr super duplex stainless steel (25Cr SDSS) has expanded in the oil & gas industry recently as new technologies made it feasible for Oil and Gas operators to invest in high sour and corrosive fields. 25Cr SDSS material is often used in critical applications such as piping, rotating equipment, coolers, and instrument components etc. SDSS materials are well known for the 50/50 austenite (γ) and ferrite (α) microstructure which provides the combination of corrosion resistance and high-performance mechanical properties.

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Failure of 24” Common Crude Piping and Formation of Iron Sulfides Due to the Influence of Sulfate & Iron Reducing Bacteria and Methanogens

Product Number: 51322-17545-SG

Author: Yousef Khuraibut

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

A leak suddenly occurred at the 24-inch common crude piping from the separators heading to the degassing boot inlets and the wet crude tanks in an oil gathering center. The initial observations showed the leak was due to a deep isolated pit and localized corrosion. Additional inspections by manual ultrasonic thickness (UT) and long range ultrasonic thickness (LRUT) measurements for the 24” common crude line showed similar deep isolated pits (up to 70% thickness reduction) scattered across the length of the 1100 meter piping.

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Influence Of Thermomechanical Processing On Mechanical Properties And Corrosion Resistance Of Super Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S32750.

Product Number: 51322-17613-SG

Author: Clara Herrera, Merlin Seifert

Publication Date: 2022

$20.00

Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are based on the Fe-Cr-Ni system and are constituted of 30 to 70 % ferrite and austenite. They combine high tensile strength, good toughness, weldability, and excellent corrosion resistance including stress-corrosion cracking and resistance to localized corrosion.^1-3 DSSs can be classified according to the Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN = Cr + 3.3 Mo + 16 N) in lean duplex (PREN= 22-27), standard (PREN = 28-38), super duplex (PREN = 38-45) and hyperduplex (PREN > 45).

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Investigation of the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel UNS S20910 Correlated to its Microstructural Condition

Product Number: 51323-18877-SG

Author: Helmuth Sarmiento Klapper, Julia Ditmann, Clara Herrera, Merlin Seifert

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

During drilling operations, the components in the drill string including the bottom hole assembly (BHA) remains in permanent contact with the drilling fluid. Therefore, besides non-magnetic properties and high strength the corrosion resistance of the materials utilized for the BHA plays a decisive role specially in applications involving harsh environments. In fact, strain-hardened CrMn-austenitic steels commonly used in directional drilling technology show a high susceptibility to pitting corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking in drilling fluids with a high chloride (Cl-) content at elevated temperatures.

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It’s Stainless Steel, We Don’t Need to Worry……Right?

Product Number: 51323-19530-SG

Author: Rafael Zamora, Will Durnie, Chris Williams, Joe Gleeson, Tim Evans

Publication Date: 2023

$20.00

This paper focuses on the risk of corrosion of austenitic stainless steels following exposure to oxygenated chloride containing waters, such as during hydrotesting or commissioning activities.

Hydrotesting is an activity typically occurring during construction intended to confirm the component's structural integrity for the design and operating pressure. The commissioning phase can use the same water in multiple systems for dynamic commissioning.

Products tagged with 'pitting corrosion'

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