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New axially loaded full ring test method which was developed and demonstrated to combine the benefits of retaining a full as-welded pipe pup-piece, permitting single-sided exposure, with the advantage of tensile loading of the complete tubular specimen.
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The seismic retrofitting of the County of Placer/Foresthill Road Bridge included replacing the gusset plates at the bolted connection points on the structure. Newly fabricated connection plates were prepared in the steel fabrication shop by abrasive blast cleaning and applying an inorganic zinc-rich primer. Existing connection plates were removed and the surfaces beneath abrasive blast cleaned and primed on-site with an organic (epoxy) zinc-rich primer. The connections were slip-critical.
When a coating disbonds from a structure and prevents cathodic protection (CP) from reaching the metal surface, this is known as “shielding” behavior by the coating. Shielding is a serious issue that has been a contributing cause for several pipeline failures, and expensive replacement programs. There are many factors (Soil resistance, holidays, coating resistance, etc.) that determine whether the coating will behave this way. Federal regulations for transmission gas pipelines require the use of a non-shielding coating.
Scale control is vital for cooling water operations, and evaluation of best-fit scale inhibitors for the application is essential, for the scale treatment. One of the traditional test methods for industrial water scale inhibitor screening is static bottle testing. Recently, in other industries, Kinetic Turbidity Test (KTT) has gained more acceptance for scale inhibitor evaluation. KTT uses an Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer to monitor scale formation at various dosages of tested products, as function of reaction time. The technology can provide minimum dosage recommendations for the treatment with selected inhibitors, and give the insight on scale formation kinetics and mechanism, under the effects of different types of scale inhibitors.
Polymer dispersancy in waters with particulates such as iron oxide and clay, is also an important characteristic to evaluate, in systems with high levels of suspended solids or fine particles. Previously(currently), this testing was conducted in bottles where the turbidity of solutions were measured by pipette transfer to a cuvette and turbidity meter, providing one data point at a certain time. Kinetic turbidity testing can continuously and simultaneously monitor and record turbidity changes with time, under the effects of various polymer dispersants and dosages. This capability provides more thorough and objective data, for scale control product evaluation. This paper presents the approach to evaluate scale control chemistries for industrial applications by KTT, and compares the KTT test data, with bottle test results. The laboratory testing results show that KTT provides a fast and data-driven approach for evaluating performance of scale inhibitors and dispersants.
THE MOST COMMONLY USED TESTS TO EVALUATE ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE COATINGS ARE: (1) ATMOSPHERIC EXPOSURE: (2) COATING PROPERTIES SUCH AS CHEMICAL, ABRASION, AND TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE: AND (3) ACCELERATED TESTS SUCH AS THE CARBON ARC RADIATION-WATER SPRAY, INTERMITTENT IMMERSION, AND SALT SPRAY (FOG) TESTS.
This test method gives procedures to measure the effect on elastomeric materials subjected to rapid depressurization from elevated pressures in dry carbon dioxide environments…Historical Document 1998
A laboratory test for determining the abrasion resistance of thin film (<10 mils (254 microns)) baked coatings/linings on the inner walls (bores) of oil field steel tubings by abrasion produced with falling sand. Historical Document 1986
The utilization of volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCI) in dry packaging scenarios have become ubiquitous throughout industry for the protection of metal parts during shipping and storage. Initial protective packaging applications of VCIs involved coated paper which was used to wrap or interleave metal parts for transportation and/or storage. This type of wrapping evolved into film packaging where the inhibitors were extruded into film.