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51314-4172-Preserving a Memorial; The Use of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection on an Historic Rotunda

Product Number: 51314-4172-SG
ISBN: 4172 2014 CP
Author: Gina Crevello
Publication Date: 2014
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Note: Name is not to be published at this time.The Elks Veterans Memorial is a unique architectural gem located along the northwest side of Lincoln Park Chicago and just blocks from the Lake Michigan. The 1926 limestone monument and building is a tribute to the fallen veterans and heroes of the United States who were also members of the Benevolent and Protective Order of the Elks. “The [memorial] has been described as one of the most magnificent war memorials in the world but with its monumental architecture and priceless art the Memorial is more a symbol of peace and of the patriotism of the members of the Elks fraternity.”The Memorial a neo-classical rotunda modeled after great classics such as Pantheon was begun in 1923. An architectural competition was held and the teams were challenged to design “a suggested building [to] be made definitely monumental and memorial in character; that the architectural design be so stately and beautiful the material of its construction so enduring its site and setting so appropriate...that the attention of all beholders will be arrested and the heart of every Elk who contemplates it will be thrilled with pride and that it will for generations to come prove an inspiration to that loyalty and patriotism which the Order so earnestly teaches and has so worthily exemplified.” With this design brief Egerton Swarthout the chosen New York architect successfully integrated the best of the current technologies employed for the time period and the classical elements of a grandiose and elegant structure.One of the striking features of the rotunda is the pronounced entablature. This 360 foot diameter entablature is supported by 24 ionic columns 30 feet in height. The support system of the rotunda and colonnade is a mix of traditional and steel frame construction. The entablature and columns are supported by an embedded steel frame. The soffit stones at the last bottom course of the entablature which span from column to column are single units of limestone tasked with spanning 15 feet center line to center line. As part of the support system lug anchors and steel shims were installed within these stones. However details such as the anchoring and the embedment of various cramps and ancillary steel were left out of the original construction documents.Fast forward to 1990 and the structure was exhibiting a repetitive cracking pattern in the soffits stones. An engineering firm was engaged and a repair campaign was undertaken to provide additional support to the soffit stones. For a variety of reasons the 1991 repairs failed and a catastrophic collapse occurred in 2007 with the full loss of a soffit stone. The historical conception of the enduring combination of steel embedded in masonry proved false. After 81 years time weather and deterioration took its’ toll. The architectural investigation revealed that corrosion of the underlying steel and lug anchors were the root cause of the collapse. This instigated a corrosion investigation.After a limited corrosion investigation was performed the team determined through testing and modeling that corrosion was accelerating and would cause further distress to the masonry if a mitigation option was not included within a repair. As part of the scope of the investigation an ICCP trial was installed. As the client was budget conscience and preservation oriented the team proposed that the client move forward with the design and installation of an ICCP system. This would save the client a significant amount of money leave the original stone work in place and fall within the preservation guidelines of the team.ICCP was chosen to be installed. Due to the complexities of the construction and the limited access during the investigation the design team worked with the installing contractors to employee a variety of NDE methods to locate emdedded steel provide the best options for system layout and ensure overall high quality of the work.
Note: Name is not to be published at this time.The Elks Veterans Memorial is a unique architectural gem located along the northwest side of Lincoln Park Chicago and just blocks from the Lake Michigan. The 1926 limestone monument and building is a tribute to the fallen veterans and heroes of the United States who were also members of the Benevolent and Protective Order of the Elks. “The [memorial] has been described as one of the most magnificent war memorials in the world but with its monumental architecture and priceless art the Memorial is more a symbol of peace and of the patriotism of the members of the Elks fraternity.”The Memorial a neo-classical rotunda modeled after great classics such as Pantheon was begun in 1923. An architectural competition was held and the teams were challenged to design “a suggested building [to] be made definitely monumental and memorial in character; that the architectural design be so stately and beautiful the material of its construction so enduring its site and setting so appropriate...that the attention of all beholders will be arrested and the heart of every Elk who contemplates it will be thrilled with pride and that it will for generations to come prove an inspiration to that loyalty and patriotism which the Order so earnestly teaches and has so worthily exemplified.” With this design brief Egerton Swarthout the chosen New York architect successfully integrated the best of the current technologies employed for the time period and the classical elements of a grandiose and elegant structure.One of the striking features of the rotunda is the pronounced entablature. This 360 foot diameter entablature is supported by 24 ionic columns 30 feet in height. The support system of the rotunda and colonnade is a mix of traditional and steel frame construction. The entablature and columns are supported by an embedded steel frame. The soffit stones at the last bottom course of the entablature which span from column to column are single units of limestone tasked with spanning 15 feet center line to center line. As part of the support system lug anchors and steel shims were installed within these stones. However details such as the anchoring and the embedment of various cramps and ancillary steel were left out of the original construction documents.Fast forward to 1990 and the structure was exhibiting a repetitive cracking pattern in the soffits stones. An engineering firm was engaged and a repair campaign was undertaken to provide additional support to the soffit stones. For a variety of reasons the 1991 repairs failed and a catastrophic collapse occurred in 2007 with the full loss of a soffit stone. The historical conception of the enduring combination of steel embedded in masonry proved false. After 81 years time weather and deterioration took its’ toll. The architectural investigation revealed that corrosion of the underlying steel and lug anchors were the root cause of the collapse. This instigated a corrosion investigation.After a limited corrosion investigation was performed the team determined through testing and modeling that corrosion was accelerating and would cause further distress to the masonry if a mitigation option was not included within a repair. As part of the scope of the investigation an ICCP trial was installed. As the client was budget conscience and preservation oriented the team proposed that the client move forward with the design and installation of an ICCP system. This would save the client a significant amount of money leave the original stone work in place and fall within the preservation guidelines of the team.ICCP was chosen to be installed. Due to the complexities of the construction and the limited access during the investigation the design team worked with the installing contractors to employee a variety of NDE methods to locate emdedded steel provide the best options for system layout and ensure overall high quality of the work.
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