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The upper limits for the inhibitor PBTC (2-phosphonobutane 1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid) when used as the sole treatment, and in combination with other inhibitors. Both synergism and antagonism were observed for the inhibitor blends, with the interaction type being a function of ratio.
PBTC (2-phosphonobutane 124-tricarboxylic acid) has become the work horse of calcium carbonate scale inhibition in cooling water water reuse and water treatment applications operating at the edge of control technology. Economically this stressed system inhibitor allows cooling tower operation at higher concentration ratios resulting in decreased water usage and discharge. The inhibitor also allows the reuse of water that would otherwise be discharged possibly after costly treatment. It permits the use of less than desirable water in other applications.Performance and limits of this inhibitor were first characterized in a 1985 paper(1). This research report expands these findings based upon over thirty years of field application and recent laboratory studies to elucidate behavior and performance of this "go to" inhibitor over a broad range of conditions. Test Conditions simulated varied from easy to treat low concentration ratio HVAC towers to water reuse applications and into the range of hydrofracturing flow back brines.Data developed and reported includes inhibitor minimum effective dosage requirement as a function of saturation ratio (scaling index) temperature as it affects rate residence time and PBTC dissociation state. Performance as the sole inhibitor and when applied with commonly used polymers is also discussed. Upper limits are reported.Future reports will expand the PBTC performance data base to include calcium sulfate and barium sulfate scale control.(1). R.H. Ashcraft "Scale Control Under Harsh Conditions Using 2-phosphonobutane 124-tricarboxylic acid PBTC" NACE Corrosion '85 Paper 123 1985
Recommended corrosion inhibitor (CI) testing methods and interpretation to assure proper execution of a test program. Associated guidance for CI test program definition testing and management to ensure and improve the integrity of carbon steels applications in our Industry.
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The paper includes laboratory testing data and application methods of shrink film, impregnated foams and coatings containing vapor corrosion inhibitor (VCI) that are being applied in conservation process of industrial and military equipment.
This paper will present corrosion inhibitor performance data using electrochemical test methods, additional laboratory testing and pilot test results to demonstrate this new inhibitor’s performance benefits, overall effectiveness and value to the water treatment market.