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Sour water stripping is used to remove ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from sour water streams coming from many operation units to condition it for discharge or reuse.1-3 In a complex refinery, most of the sour water comes from distillation, fluid catalytic cracking, catalytic reforming, coker and acid gas removal units, with many other operations contributing to the balance. The different streams are usually collected in a surge tank for centralized processing via a heat exchanger and a single stripper column, or two in series.
During oil and gas operation, water is used for many operation processes, which make water contain various contaminants depending on the sources and processes. Sour water strippers (SWS) are critical units to remove ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from sour water streams to condition the waters for the discharge or reuse. Different streams from various sources may induce different scale issues to cause operation productivity reduction and even equipment failure. The most common scales in sour water strippers are calcite, iron sulfite, silicates, etc. depending on the water chemistry of source streams.
This paper presents case histories of scale issues and treatment of sour water strippers with various source waters. For each case history, the specific inorganic scale problems and treatment strategies are discussed. Based on the lab testing and field application results, scale inhibitor treatment or even cleaning-up program are evaluated.
This paper provides valuable information on potential scale problems and treatment for sour water strippers with various water sources, and gives references or guideline for similar scale treatment.
With the rapid development of the economy and acceleration of urban modernization, many high-speed railways and buried pipelines have been built in China. Due to the limitation of space or geographical location, high-speed railways are often constructed in parallel or crossing with long-distance pipelines in some locations. The interference of high-speed railways on pipelines is the result of inductive and conductive coupling, which brings about AC corrosion and other safety issues.
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Pipeline under, solids deposition deposit corrosion (UDC) is a localized corrosion phenomenon that develops beneath or around solid deposits, which settle at the bottom of low flow/intermittent flow pipelines. These deposits are complex mixtures of water, organic, inorganic, and biological materials, and their composition can vary significantly depending on the properties of the product being transported and the operating conditions in the pipeline.
Geothermal fluid pipelines experience temperature changes on startup and shutdown that can be of the order 300 °C. Carbon steel pipeline design can include expansion loops and direction changes to allow for thermal expansion and contraction for the long lengths of pipeline commonly used from geothermal production wells to the geothermal power station and from the station to reinjection wells. In some instances, expansion compensators are used where there is insufficient area for such loops or where the pipe diameter is prohibitively large.