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Mineral scale may be defined as an adherent deposit of predominantly inorganic compounds. A common process leading to scale formation is the precipitation of sparingly soluble salts from oilfield brines. Some oilfield brines contain sufficient sulfate ions (SO42-) in the presence of barium ions (Ba2+) or strontium ions (Sr2+), or both, that the potential for forming barium sulfate (BaSO4) scale or strontium sulfate (SrSO4) scale, or both, exists due to changes in physical or chemical conditions. Often the formation of scale results in reduced production and increased maintenance costs. In some locations, naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) have been found to incorporate themselves into the scale. This complication may result in significant health, safety, and liability concerns and increased scale disposal costs.
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This method tests the vapor-inhibiting ability (VIA) of volatile corrosion inhibitor (VCI) materials. Evaluates vapor transport and corrosion protection with simple, low-cost apparatus.
Volatile corrosion inhibitor (VCI) materials provide temporary corrosion protection for the surfaces of metal parts that are not in contact with the inhibitor. Temporary protection is afforded as long as there is a moderately sealed enclosure containing the metal parts and the source of the VCI, which may be in the enclosing package itself. The duration of protection may be months to years before the parts are removed from the enclosure and put to use, or before a more “permanent” coating such as paint is applied. The referenced NACE Standard Practice SP0487 includes VCI in the context of guidance and best practices for users of interim or temporary corrosion protection methods.
Four-point bend testing is used extensively in the oil and gas industry to evaluate resistance of metals to sulfide stress cracking and stress corrosion cracking. The face of the specimen to be tested is stressed in tension and the reverse face in compression. The test is carried out for a specified exposure period with the specimen held under constant displacement using compact loading jigs. The compact nature of the jigs enables testing of several specimens in the test vessel simultaneously. Despite the apparent simplicity of the test, there are many factors that can influence the test results. The purpose of this standard is to establish a reliable methodology for conducting the tests to enhance repeatability and reproducibility of test data. The results of the tests can then be used with greater confidence to rank the performance of metals, the relative aggressiveness of environments, and to provide a basis for qualifying metals for service application. As such, the standard will be of particular benefit to materials and corrosion engineers in the oil and gas sector and to test laboratories providing critical data.
This nondestructive test method describes a procedure to detect discontinuities (“holidays”) in thin-film polymeric coatings of less than 330 µm (13 mils) dry film thickness (DFT) applied to the internal surfaces of metallic tubular goods used in the oil and gas industry. The apparatus and the recommended procedure for performing the test are described, as are methods of reporting the test data.
A separate test method, NACE TM0186, addresses holiday detection of internal tubular good coatings of 330 to 760 µm (13 to 30 mils) dry-film thickness.
This test method describes a reliable methodology for determining the peel strength of polyolefin-based multilayer pipeline coating systems, generally for coating thickness less than 12 mm (0.47 in). This standard provides a method to measure the peel strength of polyolefin-based multilayer coating systems, such as 2-layer polyethylene coating (2LPE), 3-layer polyethylene (3LPE), 3-layer polypropylene (3LPP), and heat shrink sleeve (HSS) field joint coating. It provides essential information on the quality of the applied coating. This is particularly important for field-applied coatings, of which the application process is significantly impacted by the environmental conditions and the skill set of the field applicators.
This technical report presents basic information on laboratory evaluation of corrosion inhibitors used in the oil and gas industry. It includes 18 inhibitor properties that are evaluated before inhibitors are used in the field and refers to various standards available to evaluate those properties.
This technical report describes the associated corrosion mechanisms in refinery crude distillation unit (CDU) distillation tower overhead systems and current industry practices for mitigating or controlling this corrosion. Distillation towers in a typical CDU include a pre-flash tower, an atmospheric tower, and a vacuum tower. Feedstock, unit configurations, and associated process variables are addressed, from the crude oil storage tanks to the distillation tower overhead drums.
The Precipitation Hardenable (PH) Nickel alloys N09925, N07718, N09945, N09946 and N07725 are widely used for critical downhole oil field applications such as high strength tubing hangers and completion equipment. The materials are particularly useful in High Pressure/High Temperature wells where high strength and corrosion resistance are required in H2S containing production fluids. Over the last 20 years a limited number of field failure investigations in PH Nickel alloys have been related to the presence of sufficient amounts of intergranular precipitates promoting hydrogen embrittlement, which results in brittle cracking of UNS alloys N07718 3,4 and alloy N077255 and N077166.
NEW EDITION!! For nearly 50 years Control of Pipeline Corrosion, written by A.W. Peabody, has been the most trusted resource in the field of pipeline corrosion. Now completely revised and updated, the third edition of this classic reference continues the tradition of excellence by providing the most thorough and authoritative coverage of the prevention and control of pipeline corrosion, and now includes a chapter on AC interference.
Peabody's Control of Pipeline Corrosion, Third Edition, edited by Ronald Bianchetti, blends traditional corrosion engineering practices with modern technologies to make this the single source for corrosion control. Chapters have updated information and graphics to expand on the user-friendly nature of the original book.
2018 NACE E-Book.
This NACE International standard provides the most current technology and industry practices for prioritization of cased piping using In-Line Inspection (ILI) data.
Metallic casings are used to install and protect the carrier pipe at pipeline crossings such as those at road and railroad rights of way. This standard provides an overview of prioritization strategies for management of external corrosion of piping in metallic cased crossings using ILI data integrated with construction, operating, maintenance and inspection information.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENT. THIS RECOMMENDED PRACTICE HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN BY NACE INTERNATIONAL. This NACE standard recommended practice is a guide for selecting corrosion-resistant materials for the supply, storage, pumping, and injection of water encountered in oilfield operations where external or subsea exposure to salt water is not a consideration.
This recommended practice is made available for reference only.
Previous versions:
RP0475-1991
RP0475-1975