Corrosion damage was observed in carbon steel heat exchangers tubes only after nine months of service. These exchangers cool down a recycle stream from the reactor thus removing the heat in the reactor evolved due to dimerization reaction of Ethylene to Butene. The shell side medium is cooling water and the tube side is butane. Metallurgical structure and chemical composition of the heat exchanger pipe’s metal matrix were inspected by metallographic microscope and X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) and carbon/sulfur (C/S) analyzer. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) was used to study the damage morphology and the chemical compositions of the corrosion products. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted to study the nature of the complex formed in the corrosion products. Chemical and biological analyses of cooling water were performed as well. The analytical results suggest the main corrosion mechanism for the observed attack is microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC).