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High-strength steel is one of the basic materials for supporting a well-functioning society. Prestressed concrete (PC) is a typical example of a material in which high-strength steel is used. In PC, tensile stressed steel is embedded inside the concrete, and internal bars apply compressive stress to the concrete for preventing cracks in concrete that is vulnerable to tensile stress. Moreover, corrosion inside the steel is suppressed by the alkaline environment in the concrete, so the concrete and internal bars basically work to compensate for each other's weaknesses.
High-strength steel in cracked prestressed concrete is at risk of hydrogen embrittlement, which makes it necessary to clarify the sub-surface hydrogen concentration behavior of the enclosed steel bar from the standpoint of safety. Electrochemical hydrogen permeation tests can measure the sub-surface hydrogen concentration of steel continuously and nondestructively, but the measurable geometry is limited to plates and cannot be directly applied to internal bars. We therefore developed an electrochemical hydrogen permeation test method to evaluate the sub-surface hydrogen concentration of a bar within concrete, using concrete poles as a representative example. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method succeeded in obtaining changes over time in the sub-surface hydrogen concentration of steel bars in prestressed concrete.
Methods for dealing with sources of errors affecting the accuracy of the Direct Current Voltage Gradient (DCVG) coating defect identification and sizing tool.
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A powerful way to study hydrogen embrittlement at a local scale is by Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (SKPFM). This technique by measuring the surface potential at the nanometer scale allows the detection and localization of hydrogen in the alloy.
Pipeline steels higher than API X80 grade ad subject to hydrogen embrittlement risk induced by the hydrogen evolution effect under cathodic protection. This paper focuses on the hydrogen embrittlement behaviors of API X70, X80 and X90 high strength pipeline steel under cathodic protection in soil simulation conditions.