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Electrification of road transport requires the development of components with improved performance, especially in terms of corrosion resistance.This is particularly true for safety elements such as the disc-brake system. Indeed, regenerative braking, which is used in electric vehicles, significantly reduces the wear of brake system components thus generating the need of brakes with a service life comparable to the vehicle life.
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A combination of Fabry-Pérot interferometry i.e. white light-optical interferometry and the DC electrochemical method have been used for the first time in situ to measure the aluminum oxide film thickness and anodic current density of aluminum oxide films in 06 and 10% sulfuric acid solutions (H2SO4). The calculated values of the anodic current density by Fabry-Pérot interferometry were verified by the DC electrochemical method and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The corresponding thickness of the aluminum oxide film to the anodic current density was determined by Fabry-Pérot interferometry under a potentiostatic potential of 9 V with respect to the open circuit potential of the aluminum samples in the H2SO4 solutions for 90 minutes. The obtained thickness of the aluminum samples by Fabry-Pérot interferometry was verified by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and compared to values that were obtained by the EIS. The calculated anodic current density by Fabry-Pérot interferometry was found in agreement with those of the DC electrochemical method. In contrast the calculated anodic current density by Fabry-Pérot interferometry was found in a slight discrepancy with data obtained by the EIS.Keywords. Aluminum Aluminum oxide film Fabry-Pérot interferometry Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) Anodic current density and Sulfuric acid.
The main objective was to obtain current-potential relations for iron sulfides which can be taken into a modelling framework, thereby allowing the estimation of the galvanic coupling between carbon steel and iron sulfides under different environmental conditions.
To control the casing's severe CO2 inner corrosion and minimize damage to oil wells drilled into the Yan'an formation of Jurassic reservoirs; internal plastic coating was applied to the portion of the casing below the dynamic liquid level (nearly 700 m) for each of the more than 4000 wells drilled over the last 10 years. Considering the cost factor, it was not economic for the whole wellbore to have internal coating, so only the section with serious internal corrosion was internally coated with a modified epoxy-phenolic.
This kind of modified epoxy-phenolic coating has excellent mechanical and anti-corrosion performance. But it’s difficult to analyze the long term aging or local mechanical damage of downhole inner coating. New approaches by electrode logging tools have been studied for monitoring the inner coating.
Nanolaminar or nanostructured zinc-nickel electrodeposited coatings are compliant with the composition requirements of ASTM B841 and F1941 (12 to 16% Ni: balance Zn). The term nanolaminar refers to the successive thin layered deposition of nanostructured grains (≈ 25nm); accomplished by modulating the electrodeposition into a waveform applied at defined time periods and varying current densities. Standard electroplating in contrast, applies a continuous DC current throughout the electrodeposition process, resulting in grains that while initially fine will coarsen as a function of thickness ranging to the micrometer range.
The use of dry coating on Premium OCTG connections to replace both storage and running compounds presents numerous benefices for end-users. It keeps the well clean by preventing the discharge of dope to the environment. Into the well bore it reduces the operational costs by elimination of storage dope cleaning and running dope application and it improves the running performances.The solution that has been developed combines an electrodeposited zinc based metal plating which provides anti galling properties and protects the steel from corrosion in storage conditions and an organic topcoat to control the friction coefficient and to improve the running performances. An intensive test program has been performed to assess marine atmospheric corrosion performances during storage on yard and evaluate crevice corrosion in H2S environment with this dope-free solution. Atmospheric corrosion was evaluated after long-term exposure to natural environments and accelerated cyclic corrosion tests in laboratory. Crevice corrosion was assessed through specifically designed high pressure and high temperature corrosion tests in autoclaves.
Galvanic corrosion is a serious issue that affects all aircraft platforms within the Naval Aviation Enterprise. Due to tolerance constraints or other design limitations deposition of a metal film as a sacrificial coating is utilized as a method of protection. One such process is the deposition of aluminum onto high strength steel substrates via the ion vapor deposition (IVD) process. While this process is effective in mitigating corrosion the facilities required to perform this task are highly specialized and the deposition process is line-of-sight only. To address these shortfalls we have developed a method allowing for the electrodeposition of aluminum onto stainless steel using ionic liquid chemistries. This increases the ease with which the system could be installed on-site while increasing the rate at which components could be repaired. To achieve this concept an alternative type of plating bath chemistry was adopted focusing on utilizing ionic liquids to provide the necessary chemical and electrochemical features necessary for aluminum deposition. This chemistry coupled with an optimized pulse plating process had led to a system which can successfully deposit high quality pure aluminum onto A286 stainless steel providing protection against galvanically-driven corrosion.
To develop a distributed optical sensor for corrosion monitoring metallic thin films were deposited onto optical fibers through electroless plating. The conditions and procedure for electroless deposition were developed to obtain the optimal metallic coatings on optical fibers. The coated optical fibers were tested in CO2-saturated 3.5%wt. NaCl solutions at 30 oC. The optical transmission through the coated optical fiber was measured and served as a parameter for corrosion detection and quantification in the tested environment. Surface analyses using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were performed on the metallic thin films. The distributed corrosion monitoring was realized using an optical backscattered reflectometer system which provides the spatial profile of corrosion along the fiber.
Inspection of coating applications is more efficient and effective by the use of electronic equipment, which can store, transmit, and populate inspection reports with data. Field collection of inspection data points by manual note taking is being replaced with instruments that can capture and record metal thickness, coating film thickness, surface profile depth, surface contamination, environmental conditions, gloss levels of coatings, and adhesive pull-off strength of coatings. Electronic collection of data produces more accurately and statistically complete information than manual collection.