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Friction Reduction Coatings For Carbonate Scale Mitigation: A Comparison Of Materials Technologies

Picture for Friction Reduction Coatings For Carbonate Scale Mitigation: A Comparison Of Materials Technologies
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Product Number: 51321-16533-SG
Author: Manuel Marya/ Virendra Singh/ Alireza Zolfaghari/ Vipul Shinde
Publication Date: 2021
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Scale deposition is a major flow assurance concern in hydrocarbon production and water processes that can be economically managed with the use of suitable friction reduction coatings. In this investigation, the performance of various polymer composite coatings, among single-layer polymer-inorganic filler coatings, multi-layered coatings, and diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings have been compared on the bases of friction reduction, hardness, and behaviors towards carbonate scales and water wetting. It is seen that (1) the anti-scaling response can differ profoundly among novel polymer composite coatings and DLC coatings, (2) through additions of small percentages of inorganic fillers, the new polymer composite coatings can be hardened substantially with some unavoidable tradeoffs in anti-scaling and low-frictional behaviors. Further, one among two tested DLC coating has shown surprisingly good anti-scaling behavior despite a limited hydrophobicity. Overall, this investigation has not been able to concurrently improve all desirable coating properties; however, engineering directions for formulating newer coatings have been found and several new coatings are now expected to outperform common oilfield coatings currently in use.

Key words: carbonate scale, coatings, hardness, friction coefficient, polymer, DLC

Scale deposition is a major flow assurance concern in hydrocarbon production and water processes that can be economically managed with the use of suitable friction reduction coatings. In this investigation, the performance of various polymer composite coatings, among single-layer polymer-inorganic filler coatings, multi-layered coatings, and diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings have been compared on the bases of friction reduction, hardness, and behaviors towards carbonate scales and water wetting. It is seen that (1) the anti-scaling response can differ profoundly among novel polymer composite coatings and DLC coatings, (2) through additions of small percentages of inorganic fillers, the new polymer composite coatings can be hardened substantially with some unavoidable tradeoffs in anti-scaling and low-frictional behaviors. Further, one among two tested DLC coating has shown surprisingly good anti-scaling behavior despite a limited hydrophobicity. Overall, this investigation has not been able to concurrently improve all desirable coating properties; however, engineering directions for formulating newer coatings have been found and several new coatings are now expected to outperform common oilfield coatings currently in use.

Key words: carbonate scale, coatings, hardness, friction coefficient, polymer, DLC

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Picture for New Understanding on Calcium Carbonate Scaling Kinetics
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New Understanding on Calcium Carbonate Scaling Kinetics

Product Number: 51319-12935-SG
Author: Qiwei Wang
Publication Date: 2019
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Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is the predominate type of mineral scale formed in many industrial water processes including oil and gas production. Comprehensive and accurate knowledge on the CaCO3 scaling risk is critical for the effective scale management. Currently scale risk assessment is largely depends on thermodynamic simulation which predicts the saturation state under given conditions there are very limited experimental or field data on scaling kinetics. Previous works on temperature effect were investigated on nucleation and precipitation in bulk solutions which didn’t involve the CaCO3 adhesion and accumulation on existing surface. The pressure effect is considered in scaling tendency calculation but its potential impact on scaling kinetics is usually neglected.This paper presents the laboratory results of CaCO3 scaling kinetics at various temperatures (80-150°C) and pressures (500-5000 psia). Tests were conducted with a dynamic tube blocking apparatus which measures CaCO3 scale buildup by monitoring hydrostatic pressure differential (DP) across a capillary tubing and the time for scale formation was determined. Test waters were maintained at similar CaCO3 supersaturation state at different temperatures and pressures by adjusting bicarbonate concentration. Results show that under the test conditions scaling rate was accelerated by both temperature and pressure. CaCO3 scaling time was shortened approximately 2 times when pressure was increased from 500 psi to 5000 psi at the same temperature and similar supersaturation state. For examples scaling timeis decreased from ~65minutes to ~40minutes at 80°C and from ~40 minutes to < 20 minutes at 125°C with pressure changed from 500 psi to 5000 psi..This study provides new understanding on the mineral scaling kinetics by identifying the pressure dependence of CaCO3 scale formation process. Experimental results show that pressure other than its impact on solubility has additional kinetic effect on CaCO3 scaling rate. This kinetic effect should be included in the scaling risk assessment especially for the high pressure systems.
Picture for Investigation of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate and Calcium Carbonate Scale Inhibition by PESA PBTC and PESA/PBTC Blends for Industrial Water Systems
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51318-11053-Investigation of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate and Calcium Carbonate Scale Inhibition by PESA PBTC and

Product Number: 51318-11053-SG
Author: Amannie Kweik / Zahid Amjad
Publication Date: 2018
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This study is focused on the evaluation of polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA), 2-phosphonobutane 1,2,4-tricarboxyllic acid (PBTC), and PESA/PBTC blends for calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) and calcium carbonate scale inhibition for aqueous systems.
Picture for Controlling the Kinetic Versus Thermodynamic Growth of Calcium Carbonate Scale on Surface
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51316-7626-Controlling the Kinetic Versus Thermodynamic Growth of Calcium Carbonate Scale on Surface

Product Number: 51316-7626-SG
ISBN: 7626 2016 CP
Author: thibaut charpentier
Publication Date: 2016
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