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Formulation Of Novel Combination Production Chemicals For Deepwater Oil And Gas Fields

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Hydrocarbon production currently occurs in a variety of onshore and offshore locations. Most offshore production in shallow water (< 500 m) has reached maturity, with most of the more accessible reserves having already been exploited. As a result, exploration and production in offshore environments has been extended to deeper water (> 500 m), which usually incurs more expense and overall project risk for operators and service providers. Production from deepwater oil fields is expected to grow by 40%, to 10 million bpd (10% of total global output), by 2025.

Product Number: 51322-17608-SG
Author: Alyn Jenkins, William Cardwell, Alex McRae, Andre Saraceno Meliande
Publication Date: 2022
Industries: Corrosion Monitoring and Control , Coatings and Linings , Coatings
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Deepwater oil and gas fields are generally classified as developments located in water depths greater than 500 m. Applying production chemicals in deepwater fields presents multiple challenges because the operating temperature of deepwater oil fields is often greater compared to that of shallow or onshore developments. Furthermore, the extended reach of deepwater chemical umbilicals results in longer residence times for the chemicals within them and lengthy exposure to the high-pressure (HP), low-temperature environment. Long-term stability of chemicals under these conditions is an essential requirement in maintaining the integrity of the injection system and product efficacy. The HP in the umbilical can increase the viscosity of a product to such an extent that it cannot be injected. In extreme circumstances, production chemicals can become totally unstable in the umbilical, causing a blockage that results in costly remediation workovers.

To reduce the costs associated with constructing deepwater fields, the number of chemical umbilicals installed is often minimized, which necessitates the use of combination production chemicals. The most common multipurpose products used in deepwater fields are combined scale and corrosion inhibitors. This work details the approach taken to develop two deepwater multifunctional products that have functionality not generally found in a single product. The first product is a bifunctional corrosion inhibitor/demulsifier, and the second is a corrosion inhibitor blended with a non-triazine hydrogen sulfide (H2S) scavenger.

Deepwater oil and gas fields are generally classified as developments located in water depths greater than 500 m. Applying production chemicals in deepwater fields presents multiple challenges because the operating temperature of deepwater oil fields is often greater compared to that of shallow or onshore developments. Furthermore, the extended reach of deepwater chemical umbilicals results in longer residence times for the chemicals within them and lengthy exposure to the high-pressure (HP), low-temperature environment. Long-term stability of chemicals under these conditions is an essential requirement in maintaining the integrity of the injection system and product efficacy. The HP in the umbilical can increase the viscosity of a product to such an extent that it cannot be injected. In extreme circumstances, production chemicals can become totally unstable in the umbilical, causing a blockage that results in costly remediation workovers.

To reduce the costs associated with constructing deepwater fields, the number of chemical umbilicals installed is often minimized, which necessitates the use of combination production chemicals. The most common multipurpose products used in deepwater fields are combined scale and corrosion inhibitors. This work details the approach taken to develop two deepwater multifunctional products that have functionality not generally found in a single product. The first product is a bifunctional corrosion inhibitor/demulsifier, and the second is a corrosion inhibitor blended with a non-triazine hydrogen sulfide (H2S) scavenger.

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Galvanic Interactions Between Surface Layers And Bare Carbon Steel In Aqueous CO2 Environments

Product Number: 51322-17654-SG
Author: Joshua Owen, Francois Ropital, Gaurav R. Joshi, Jean Kittel
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In aqueous carbon dioxide (CO2)-saturated environments, such as those found in geothermal energy, oil and gas and carbon abatement industries, various naturally occurring layers can be found on the internal surface of carbon steel infrastructure, such as pipelines, as they corrode in the mildly acidic conditions. Amongst the most commonly found layers are iron carbonate (FeCO3), iron carbide (Fe3C) and magnetite (Fe3O4). FeCO3 can offer corrosion protection to the underlying steel when formed under certain conditions, as too can Fe3O4. Fe3C is typically associated with enhancement of electrochemical activity of carbon steel and is revealed due to preferential dissolution of ferrite in the steel microstructure – through the formation of a porous network at the steel surface. Each of these layers play a fundamental role in the uniform and localized corrosion of the underlying carbon steel.
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Flow Assurance Testing With Re-Livened Oil – A Cost-Effective Analogue For Live Oil

Product Number: 51322-17822-SG
Author: Andrew Robert Farrell, Dario Marcello Frigo, Gordon Michael Graham
Publication Date: 2022
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Precipitation and deposition of wax or asphaltenes is a commonly encountered issue in the oilfield, causing flow restrictions, compromising the integrity and performance of equipment (some safety critical), limiting access during well interventions, causing “fill” in vessels, stabilizing emulsions and sometimes enhancing corrosion due to under-deposit corrosion and increased biofouling. Developing an effective management strategy that minimizes the total cost associated with these threats requires reliable prediction of whether they will occur, their severity and their location within the production system. Such prediction typically combines the use of compositional data and phase behaviour (typically referred to as “PVT data) with Equation of State (EoS) modelling plus the experimental measurement of key parameters specific to each issue.
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Formicary Corrosion And EAC Of Copper Tubes In Contact With Building Sealant

Product Number: 51322-17846-SG
Author: Kimberly Steine
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Blue discoloration of off-white sealant in contact with copper tube at medical facilities under
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