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Exploring High Pressure CO2 Annular Corrosion in Flexible Pipes

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This paper focuses on the corrosion behaviour of high strength flexible wire material immersed in de-aerated 3.5% NaCl solution under 40bar CO2 partial pressure at different test temperatures: 30°C, 40°C and 60°C; different CO2 fluxflux: 0.1ml/min/cm2 and 0.0008ml/min/cm2; different volume of solution to surface area of sample (V/S) ratios: 1ml/cm2 and 0.3ml/cm2 and test durations: 2 and 4 months. The tests were carried out in a lab-scale test system designed and built at TWI Ltd for the simulation of complex annulus environments. The corrosion rates and the maximum depth of the localized attack for tests at different temperatures were recorded as: 30°C>60°C>40°C. This is linked with the stability, structure and thickness of the precipitated iron carbonate scaling. The lowest corrosion rate was recorded for the test with the lowest V/S and slowest CO2 flux, linked with a thin and compact iron carbonate layer. The effect of the flow and degree of confinement are significant at high CO2 partial pressures. 

Product Number: 51320-14740-SG
Author: Maria Eleni Mitzithra, Shiladitya Paul, John Rothwell, Fabricio Pinheiro dos Santos
Publication Date: 2020
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Picture for The Effect of High Partial Pressure of CO2 on the Corrosion Mechanism of Carbon Steel in H2O-CO2 Systems
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51318-11623-The Effect of High Partial Pressure of CO2 on the Corrosion Mechanism of Carbon Steel in H2O-CO2 Systems

Product Number: 51318-11623-SG
Author: Tatiana C. Almeida / Oscar R. Mattos / Rogaciano M. Moreira / Merlin C. E. Bandeira
Publication Date: 2018
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The corrosion mechanism of X65 carbon steel was evaluated in water environment by increasing CO2 partial pressure from 1 bar at 24 °C to 110 bar at 40 °C, reaching conditions that include water saturated with supercritical CO2.
Picture for Fitness-for-Purpose Research of OCTG for Underground Gas Storage Applications in H2/CO2 Environments
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Fitness-for-Purpose Research of OCTG for Underground Gas Storage Applications in H2/CO2 Environments

Product Number: 51320-14698-SG
Author: Yameng Qi, Zhonghua Zhang
Publication Date: 2020
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In China, some underground gas storages (UGS) would be built to reserve the gaseous coal gas (CO, H2, CO2, H2O, etc.). Gaseous hydrogen induced hydrogen embrittlement (HE) and CO2 corrosion could possess great threat to the safety of OCTG in UGS. Fitness-for-purpose research of OCTG materials is urgently expected to screen out the suitable material for tubing application in UGS.
HE resistance and CO2 corrosion of OCTG materials (C110, 3Cr-90S, 13Cr-110 and 13Cr-110S) were investigated by slow strain rate testing and weight loss tests in UGS environments containing CO2 and H2. SSRT results show that both elongation ratio and reduction in area ratio of C110, 13Cr-110 and 13Cr-110S were more than 80%, except for 3Cr-90S. In addition, 3Cr-90S and 13Cr-110 tested in H2/CO2 environments possessed embrittled regions and secondary cracks, respectively. Weight loss test results show that C110 and 3Cr-90S exhibited high corrosion rates, which were classified as severe corrosion followed by qualitative categorization of corrosion rates for oil production systems in NACE RP0775. For stainless steels (13Cr-110 and 13Cr-110S), the corrosion rates were very low (low corrosion). Combined with the above results, 13Cr-110S could be the suitable OCTG material for UGS containing gaseous coal gas.
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06112 FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF CO2 METAL LOSS CORROSION – PART II: INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT PARAMETERS ON CO2 CORROSION MECHANISMS

Product Number: 51300-06112-SG
ISBN: 06112 2006 CP
Author: Guenter Schmitt, Michaela Hörstemeier
Publication Date: 2006
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The literature has been reviewed with respect to information gained in the recent 20 years on CO2 corrosion of materials used in the oil and gas industry. The paper discusses the effect of materials related, medium-related and interface-related parameters on general (uniform) and localized corrosion.  Part II
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