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One of the frequent and major problems encountered in the oil and gas production is theinternal corrosion of carbon steel pipelines. Corrosion can be categorized into uniform (orgeneral) corrosion, localized corrosion and erosion-corrosion. Uniform corrosion causesoverall metal loss and general thinning of metal. Localized corrosion has the appearanceof pits or grooves.
Several methods for internal corrosion monitoring of oil and gas pipeline have beenused and proposed in the last few decades. These monitoring systems may be mainlyused for general corrosion and the post-processing of collected raw data is necessary. Itis very important for internal corrosion management to show the evolution of corrosionphenomena with real time.
In this paper, patented corrosion monitoring technology for pit detection will beintroduced. This pit detection probe system is capable of monitoring real time pittingcorrosion in any kinds of environment. In addition, pit penetration rate can be easilydetermined. Multifunctional probe (pit detection technique+ electrical resistancetechnique) was also developed which can provide not only pit detection rate but alsogeneral corrosion rate.
The comparison results between multifunctional probes and the weight-loss couponswill be shown in this paper. These results of multifunctional probe for both generalcorrosion and pitting corrosion will be discussed.
F22 is a low alloy steel that typically contains 12% Carbon, 2.25% Chromium, and 1.0% Molybdenum1. This steel has been widely used in oil production systems, especially in well head design and construction. As a low alloy steel, F22 can be corroded by oilfield chemicals under certain circumstances. For example, it was observed in the Gulf of Mexico that typical scale inhibitor chemistries caused severe corrosion on F22.
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During the last decades, low alloyed steels with improved resistance to Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) have been developed for covering specific applications as heavy wall casings1 or expandable tubings2 or for reaching higher mechanical properties, such as 125 ksi Specified Minimum Yield Strength (SMYS) materials.3-6 For the latter, relevant sour environments for developed grades are mild, meaning that all sour applications cannot be covered while a strong interest exists for O&G operators to use high strength materials when designing wells. Consequently, there is an incentive to push the limits of use of high strength sour service steels by enhancing their resistance to SSC. Several recommendations were already published when designing high strength sour service grades: hardness level shall be limited as much as possible and be preferentially below 22 HRC7, microstructure shall present a minimum required amount of martensite8 which is well known to be ideal for combining high mechanical properties and high resistance to hydrogen. Besides, many authors highlighted some other influencing parameters related to the material or the process.
Mineral scales frequently occur in tanks, pipelines, cooling and heating system, production wells ofoil and gas, external and internal membrane, and other equipment during industrial processes,causing the reduction of process efficacy and millions of dollars on dealing with the scale issues. Asoil and gas are produced increasingly in more unconventional reservoirs, such as deeper and tighterzones, with new technologies, more challenges are encountered to mitigate scale problems.